Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
delirium
A
a state of global cognitive impairment
- increased vital signs
- identify the stressor or metabolic problem in order to treat
2
Q
higher-risk suicide patients
A
- pts who have attempted in the past
- pts who have a family history
- pts who have a detailed plan
3
Q
GAS PIPES
A
- guilt
- appetite
- sleep disturbances
- paying attention
- interest
- psychomotor abnormalities
- energy
- suicidal tendencies
- manic behavior
4
Q
schizophrenia
A
- typical onset occurs during early adulthood
- experience may include:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- a flat affect- no emotion in speech, neutral
- erratic speech
5
Q
panic disorder
A
- if allowed to continue, panic attacks can cause severe lifestyle restrictions
- signs and symptoms usually peak in 10 minutes
6
Q
eating disorders
A
- persons may experience severe electrolyte imbalances
- two thirds report anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders
7
Q
antipsychotics
A
- newer medications have less risk of adverse effects and are more effective
- know as atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs
- relieve delusions and hallucinations
- improve symptoms of anxiety and depression
- may cause metabolic side effects
- cardiovascular effects depends on medication
- erectile dysfunction in men
- bipolar and schizophrenia -> leading
8
Q
perpetrators of elderly abuse
A
- adult children- 32.5%
- grandchildren- 4.2%
- spouse- 14.4%
- sibling- 2.5%
- other relatives- 12.5%
- friend/neighbors- 7.5%
- all others- 18.2%
- unknown- 8.2%
9
Q
bruises
A
- 0-2 days -> tender and swollen, red
- 2-5 days -> blue, purple
- 5-7- days -> green
- 7-10 days -> yellow
- 10 or more days -> brown
- 2 or more weeks -> cleared
10
Q
rohypnol
A
- flunitrazepam
- a benzodiazepine marketed in mexico, south america
- used for insomnia
- 10 times more potent than valium
- effects in 20 minutes
- duration up to 8 hours
- colorless, odorless, tasteless
- can be dissolved in a drink without being detected
- alcohol intensifies effects
- roofies, mexican valium, roaches, ropes, forget pill, peanuts, trip and fall
- effects:
- CNS depression
- amnesia
- respiratory depression
- muscle relaxation
11
Q
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
A
- like GABA or alcohol
- effects in 15-30 minutes
- duration 3 hours
- used as an amino acid supplement by body builders
- depressant with anesthetic type qualities
- liquids, odorless, colorless
- georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy, soap, vita G, easy lay
- effects:
- relaxation
- tranquility
- sensuality
- loss of inhibitions
12
Q
ketamine
A
- ketalar
- used as an anesthetic
- 10 times more potent than valium
- hallucinogenic effects last 45-90 minutes
- duration up to 24 hours
- dissociative effects
- colorless, odorless liquid
- off-white powder
- K, special K, vitamin K, jet, green, kay, mauve, special LA, super acid
- effects:
- hallucinations
- delirium
- amnesia
- dissociation
- respiratory depression
- seizures
- arrhythmias
- cardiac arrest
- hypertension
13
Q
MDMA
A
- one of the most abused amphetamines by teenagers/college students
- large dose = same effects as amphetamines
- onset within 20-60 minutes
- 2-3 hour duration
- 10% the stimulant effect of amphetamines
- potent serotonin release
- ecstasy, E, adam, XTC, M&M, eve, love drug, M, beans, roll
- effects:
- mood alteration, sleep, anxiety
- poor memory, poor impulse control
- use of other drugs
- tolerance
- MI, dysrhythmias, CVA
- seizures
- serotonin syndrome
- permanent damage to serotonin neurons
- hyperthermia 109
14
Q
hyperkalemia
A
- 3.6-5.5 range for potassium
- hyperkalemia- when you get to 7
- a lot less wiggle room with potassium compared to sodium
15
Q
Dementia is diagnosed when two or more cognitive or psychomotor brain functions are impaired:
A
- language- aphasia
- memory- short and long term
- visual perception
- emotional behavior/personality
- cognitive skills
16
Q
Parkinsons is diagnosed when two or more cognitive or psychomotor brain functions are impaired:
A
- RESTING TREMOR (not active tremor) of extremity -> active tremor- you can do active activities without a tremor
- slowness of movement
- rigidity or stiffness of extremities or trunk
- inaccurate motions
- poor balance
17
Q
50% of elderly
A
- are hypertensive
- vision problems
- decrease in renal blood flow
18
Q
two most common degenerative dementias
A
- Alzheimer disease
- multi-infarct or vascular dementia
- 6-10% of elderly will eventually have dementia -> risk increases with age
19
Q
depression in elderly
A
6% of elderly
20
Q
organ and tissue aging may be accelerated by
A
- genetics
- preexisting disease
- diet and activity levels
- toxin exposure- second hand smoke, espestis
21
Q
aortic valves thicken from
A
fibrosis and calcification
22
Q
electrolyte and fluid imbalance
A
- caused by increase in antidiuretics hormone (ADH)
- decrease in kidney function
- > pedal and peripheral edema
23
Q
prevention of COPD
A
−Cessation of smoking
−Avoidance of certain environmental pollutants
−Immunization for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia
24
Q
strokes
A
- LKW- last known well time
- 80% of strokes are in people older than 65
- chances of stroke double every decade after 35
- 0 normal life 5 is death
- ok/normal stroke outcome is 0-2
- 2-> still bad but you can still do ADL
- 3 -> barely can do ADLs
- NIH stroke scale -> 0-42
25
Q
cellulitis
A
- acute inflammation in skin caused by bacterial infection ***
- usually affects lower extremities
- third spacing of fluid
- capillary failing process
- venous return failing process
- bacteria likes warm and dark
- cooling of fluid in the peripheral
- venous system wont work efficiently
26
Q
risk factors for pressure ulcers
A
- brain or spinal cord injury
- neuromuscular disorders- Guillain-Barre
- nutritional problems
27
Q
LES
A
locally employed staff
- provide care to Americans in other countries
- EFM- eligible family members
28
Q
impact on health funding
A
- 2.45 billion dollar reduction in Global health funding for state and USAID from FY 2017 to FY 2019 (30.8% decrease in funding)
- funds used for HIV/AIDS, child and maternal deaths, infectious disease
- 360 million dollar reduction in contributions to international organizations
- US funding to WHO -> planned for 48% decrease
- US funding to Pan American Health Organization ->planned for 49% decrease
- international coffee organization -> 100% decrease*** -> important bc some people made all their money off this
29
Q
emergency medicine maturation
A
- EM recognized in the US in 1973
- national organization is recognized in 1968
- academic society recognized in 1970
- national certification in 1979
- the rest of the world it happened a little later (1980s)
30
Q
bureau of medical services (MED)
A
- mission is to safeguard and promote the health and well being of Americas diplomatic community
- branch of the department of state
- reports to the under secretary for management (vacant since Jan 2017)
- has over 200 clinicians working in over 170 countries, supported by medical and administrative personnel in washington DC and abroad
- provides healthcare to US government employees and their families who are assigned to our embassies and consulate’s worldwide -> not for everyone
- we also advice our embassy and state department management about health issues throughout the world
- although we cannot provide medical services to US citizens abroad who are not affiliated with the US government -> collaborate with the state departments bureau of consular affairs to ensure the assistance they render is medically appropriate for the situation and available resources
31
Q
non governmental organizations
A
- usually nonprofit and humanity driven
- public health programs- portable water, disease prevention, etc. -> necessary for healthcare
- disaster assistance- not always cutting edge and chaos -> usually treating chronic disease that are disrupted by disaster*
- infectious disease research and mitigation efforts
- healthcare training
- funding from mix of government and private donations -> what do you think happens with the government funding gets cut?
- ex. doctors without borders
