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Revision > Bio - Kidneys > Flashcards

Bio - Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functions of the kidneys?

A

To remove urea and to maintain water to mineral ion ratio

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2
Q

What’s an advantage of a transplant

A

Better quality of life where dialysis could get in the way

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3
Q

What’s a disadvantage to transplants

A

Your body could reject the transplant

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4
Q

What’s a disadvantage to dialysis

A

Restricts lifestyle and diet

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5
Q

What’s an advantage to dialysis

A

You don’t need to wait for a donor so is more widely available

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6
Q

What do the kidneys not filter in the blood

A

Red blood cells, glucose and amino acids

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7
Q

What’s the process which keeps body conditions constant

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

What hormone controls the concentration of water in the blood

A

ADH

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9
Q

Where is ADH produced

A

The pituitary gland in the brain

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10
Q

Define osmoregulation

A

The regulation of the concentration of water and ions

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11
Q

Why is osmoregulation important

A

If there is too much water in the cell it will burst

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12
Q

What happens if a cell doesn’t receive enough water

A

It won’t be able to carry out chemical reactions efficiently

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13
Q

What does ADH do in the kidney

A

Targets kidney nephrons making collecting ducts more permeable

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14
Q

What do permeable collecting ducts do

A

They allow more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream

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15
Q

How is ADH carried around the body

A

Through the bloodstream

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16
Q

Define diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low

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17
Q

Define active transport

A

The net movement of particles from a low concentration to a high against the concentration gradient using energy from respiration

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18
Q

What happens to glucose and amino acids when going through the kidneys

A

They are reabsorbed by active transport against the concentration gradient

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19
Q

What happens to mineral ions as they pass through the kidneys

A

They are selectively reabsorbed

20
Q

What does the renal artery do

A

Brings blood to the kidney

21
Q

What does the renal vein do

A

Takes blood away from the kidney

22
Q

What does the urethra do

A

Transports urine away from the kidney

23
Q

Define excretion

A

The removal of waste produced due to chemical reactions

24
Q

Where is urea produced

A

The liver

25
Q

Where is urine stored

A

The bladder

26
Q

What is urea produced by

A

The breakdown of amino acids

27
Q

What will happen to cells when water concentration is low

A

Higher water concentration in the cell will move out by osmosis causing the cell to become dehydrated

28
Q

What will happen to a cell when the water concentrations are high

A

Lower water concentrations in the cell will make more water move into it through osmosis causing it to burst

29
Q

Where is the renal pelvis?

A

In the centre of the kidney - the lighter part in the middle

30
Q

Where is the medulla

A

Around the renal pelvis - the main bulk of the kidney

31
Q

Where is the cortex

A

The very outside of the kidney

32
Q

What does the cortex do

A

Filters large molecules from the blood

33
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Removes water, salt and urea from the blood

34
Q

What does the pelvis do

A

Collects urine

35
Q

How is water lost in the body

A

Through breathing and sweating

36
Q

How is Urea formed

A

Digestion of proteins results in excess of amino acids which are deaminated to form ammonia which turns into urea to be safely excreted

37
Q

What process is water content regulated by

A

Negative feedback

38
Q

What is it called when cells are placed in a solution higher in water concentration

A

Hypotonic solution causing water to move into the cell

39
Q

What is it called when cells are placed in a solution lower in water concentration

A

Hypertonic solution causing water to move out of the cell

40
Q

What is it called when cells are placed in a solution equal in water concentration

A

Isotonic solution where there is no not movement of water

41
Q

Can osmosis cause damage to plant cells

A

No it cannot as plant cells have a cell wall

42
Q

What sort of process is osmosis

A

Passive

43
Q

What detects a increase/decrease of water concentration in the blood

A

The hypothalamus in the brain

44
Q

What does ADH target

A

The collecting duct making it either more or less permeable

45
Q

With a less permeable membrane how much water is reabsorbed

A

Less

Revision (29 decks)

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