Chem - Chemical Bonding And Structure

Question 1

What types of elements form an ionic bond?

Answer 1

Metals and non-metals

Question 2

What types of elements form a covalent bond

Answer 2

Non-metals and non-metals

Question 3

What types of elements form a metallic bond?

Answer 3

Metals and metals

Question 4

How does ionic bonding take place?

Answer 4

The outer shell electrons of the metal are transferred to the non metal to produce a full outer shell of electrons for both, however, losing or gaining electrons will form negative and positive ions bonding the two together

Question 5

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 5

A giant structure of ions held together by electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

What is a limitation of dot cross diagrams

Answer 6

Doesn’t indicate the relative size of atoms

Question 7

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 7

An oversimplified version of the molecular formula eg.
Molecular formula: N2O4
Empirical formula: NO2

Question 8

What are properties of ionic compounds

Answer 8

1. High melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic attraction between ions
2. When melted or dissolved conduct electricity because the ions are free to move so charge can flow

Question 9

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 9

Where two atoms share electrons to produce what they think is a ‘full outer shell’

Question 10

What are some properties of small molecules?

Answer 10

1. Weak intermolecular forces so low melting and boiling points
2. Do not conduct electricity as molecules do not have an overall charge
3. Larger molecules have larger intermolecular forces and so will have higher boiling and melting points

Question 11

What type of bonding holds together polymers?

Answer 11

Covalent bonding

Question 12

What are two examples of giant covalent structures?

Answer 12

Diamond and graphite

Question 13

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 13

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds and so one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised

Question 14

What is graphene

Answer 14

A single layer of graphite which has properties useful in electronics

Question 15

What are fullerenes?

Answer 15

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes such as carbon nanotubes

Question 16

Why do metals conduct electricity?

Answer 16

They’re bonded through metallic bonding where outer shell electrons are delocalised and free to carry charge or thermal energy

Question 17

What are properties of metals

Answer 17

1. They have strong metallic bonding making them have high melting and boiling points
2. They can be bent and shaped as atoms are arranged in layers - different metals are often mixed to make alloys which are harder

Question 18

Steels are alloys of iron and carbon, what are properties of high carbon steels

Answer 18

Carbon makes steel strong but brittle

Question 19

Why are properties of nanoparticles different?

Answer 19

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio