D -> U8 - U10

Question 1

come cultures more likely to assimilate

Answer 1

eg, Caribbean and African American communities that intermarry with the native population - influence of christianity as well

Question 2

have attitudes changed?

Answer 2

• post- brexit mationalism
• some immigrant groups are poorly integrated
• some minority groups are perceived as hostile to liberal values (religious conservative)

Question 3

assimilation

Answer 3

• 1st generation suffer in new homeland
• low paid jobs
• poor housing
• offspring more ambitious
• greater degree of mixing/ intermarriage
• attitude/ norms change
• more assimilation

OR: fear of loss of culture

Question 4

suburbanisation

Answer 4

• most suburbs are still mostly white - but increasingly less so/ more South Asian
• better off groups don’t need to live in enclaves
• laws don’t block house moves

Question 5

high property prices

Answer 5

• first time buyers need deposit that is 120% of income

- people have to buy where affordable - race/ ethnicity isn’t as important

Question 6

love and language

Answer 6

• highest mixed group is between whites and black-carribean marriage
• intermarriage indirectly links to language acquisition
• language acquisition indirectly links to the level of isolation, and thereby segregation (social interaction between groups)

Question 7

Eruvim, North London

Answer 7

• eruv - an area where Orthodox Jews can move freely on the Sabbath
• enclosed private space, but non-jews can move freely in/out
• exempt from jewish law - so people can push items outside of house, e.g. to Friday services
• enclosed space, where you can do things that you otherwise can’t do according to the Sabbath

Question 8

better perception if:

Answer 8

• belong to a group
• lived amongst the same group
• earn more
• feel confident/ secure

Question 9

jewish community

Answer 9

• 250k in Britain
• escaping discrimination and persecution
• gained greater confidence over time
• but aware of threats from fundamentalism/ extremism in ME, and anti-semitism in the UK

Question 10

other ethnic groups

Answer 10

• e.g. Poles - voluntary movement
• drawn by economic opportunities
• lived experience of hard work, poor housing already
• But: host population is suspicious of motives

Question 11

what about the Eruvim

Answer 11

• intersecting environmentally sensitive areas in London (Primrose Hill)
• questions like should London be multi faith or no faith

Question 12

are there many options

Answer 12

there’s a shortage of inner city housing, but Jewish community is relatively wealthy, and residents want access to social activities

Question 13

critical steps that result in assimilation

Answer 13

• influences of UK culture
• Higher economic growth - move away from communities
• growing up
• white British attitudes may change
• passing on of culture across generations

Question 14

Tottenham, London

Answer 14

• cheap housing/ lower middle - working classes
• industrial mini-hub, e.g. small scale furniture, clothing, chemical companies
• bobbed heavily in WW2 , and post war housing blocks, associated gang crime
• highest unemployment in London - 8th in UK
• BAME majority
• riots in 1985
• riots in 2011

Question 15

historic situation

Answer 15

• riots, linked to economic and social inequality

- Haringey has seen decline since the 1970s

Question 16

what is being done?

Answer 16

• £28 million investment. Peacock Industrial Estate created 5000 new jobs
• new design companies (N17) taking apprentices from local schools to plan change
• 10k new homes around Tottenham Hale

Question 17

where is the threat?

Answer 17

• loss of traditional businesses
• afro-carribean churches closing with ethnic change, but consolidation into older warehouses
• new homes/ houses out of budget
  so is this just a quiet form of social cleansing?

Question 18

types of conflict

Answer 18

o social - e.g. housing shortage or economic (lack of public funding)
o priorities - e.g. housing provision might be expensive (profits for a TNC vs costs to local residents)
o political e.g. National Government’s Prevent strategy tried to reduce risk of terrorism - but over focuses on Islam and alienates young people it is trying to engage with
o economic - local governments funding for youth centres, sport has been cut
o tourism can contribute, but it is unpredictable and low paid

Question 19

locals feel threatened by

Answer 19

newcomers coming in, damaging community culture and pushing prices up

Question 20

Saville town, Dewsbury

Answer 20

• large asian community
• The Dewsbury Moor, Ravensthorpe and Chickenley areas are classed among the 10% most deprived areas in the UK.
• The majority of houses in the town are in the cheapest band for council tax, for house prices are amongst the lowest in the country

Question 21

Saville Town and Ravensthorpe

Answer 21

• particularly high concentration of Deobani muslims

- white flight has left 48/4000 white British in 2011 census

Question 22

controversy from

Answer 22

• sharia court
• madrasa failing ofsted inspections
• home town of some rascal extremist

Question 23

high

Answer 23

proportion of migrants coming from south asia

Question 24

tension

Answer 24

• comes because of change in a living space
  change?
• new migrants disliked by established residents (who feel dislodged, squeezed out)
• the more different the groups, the greater the tension

Question 25

urban or rural

Answer 25

• towns/cities: pre existing high numbers of in migrants creates support, safety but also tension? (e.g. Dewsbury, E of Huddersfield)
• remote rural areas (e.g. N Antrim) have ew in migrants, and communities experience little change (but in migration will be more noticeable, e.g. Evesham)

Question 26

invasion/ succession or filtering:

Answer 26

• some areas have been directed to take migrants who are formed to relocate there, e.g. Syrians to Milton Keynes- creating high levels of tension
• in some places, white flight has occurred - the perception of tension might therefore be there, e.g. slough

Question 27

wealth creation, or job competition

Answer 27

• wealthy migrants (e.g. Russian Oligarchs) invest in housing/ prices rise - this can cause resentment, but also trickle down, e.g. London’s 2 tier economy
• in other areas, migrant take jobs and create poverty/ deprivation/ resentment

Question 28

Positive or Negative attitude

Answer 28

• discrimination/ racist attitudes can persisted - creating tension/ aggression e.g. Jewish Eruvim, whilst others celebrate assimilation of cultures and schools and community groups help build understanding (e.g. Aik Saath in Slough)

Question 29

hair salon

Answer 29

once giving stern perms to Yorkshire ladies, closed down long ago along with the western grocery and clothes shops too

Question 30

U8 overall - Jew

Answer 30

Perceptions of living spaces change of generations
- Jewish eruvim - land use change causes social tensions

Question 31

U9 overall - Tottenham

Answer 31

Changes to land use creates challenges + opportunities for local
- Tottenham: land use change + gentrification - beef

Question 32

U10 overall mus

Answer 32

Frequent tensions over diversity of living spaces, LT residents vs newcomers
- saville town: Deobani Muslims = white flight