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BVetMed - Additional content (Year 4) > Post Mortem Inspection red meat > Flashcards

Post Mortem Inspection red meat Flashcards

1
Q

Do you have to reject pneumonia cows? Main causes cranial pneumonia in cattle?

A

No just reject lungs

  • main cuases viruses and mycoplasma spp.
  • tumours likely spread throughout
  • bacteria spread all over as 2*
  • parasites (dictyocaulus) very distinctive appearance?
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2
Q

Can terminal emphysema be consumed?

A
  • seen with resp distress, fog fever, ketofen toxicity etc. not contagious
  • cat 3
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3
Q

Pericarditis category

A
  • reject heart category 3
  • rarely cs antemortem
  • if pyrexic reject whole carcasse as generalised, otherwise rest of carcasse ok
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4
Q

Endocarditis category

A
  • cat 2 as suggests pyaemia or septicaemia to seed it

- needs tx before being used for pet food/fertiliser etc.

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5
Q

Which parasite affects dogs and cattle, is zoonotic and has multiple scolexes? What category would this be?

A

Echinococcus granulosis

  • hydatic cysts (thin walls, clear liquid, MULTIPLE SCOLECES only one)
  • cat 2 as infects dogs so cannot be consumed by them
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6
Q

Which parasites has a human IH

A
  • cystercercus bovis (taenia saginata) a cestode
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7
Q

How can abnormal fasciola hepatica migration be distinguished?

A
  • cysts thick
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8
Q

Which tapeworm affects sheep?

A
  • cysticercus tenuicollis

- single scolex (larva)

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9
Q

What is the bovine lungworm? Appearance and categorisation?

A
  • dictyocaulus spp.
  • characteristic appearance
  • rice noodles and consolidated bottom lobes
  • doesn’t infect anyone so cat 3
  • but tell farmer as can kill heifers d/t resp distress
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10
Q

Lungworm path. Public health concern?

A
  • rice noodels and consolidation bottom of lung

- doesn’t affect anyone(?)

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11
Q

Is Liver fluke a public health risk? Category?

A
  • no (IS zoonotic but not through meat, seen middle east from swimming in infected water or infected watercress)
  • just an animal health risk
  • cat 3 pet food
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12
Q

Fatty liver categorisation

A
  • cat 3 pet food
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13
Q

Commonest cause of liver abscess in adult cattle ? Calves?

A
  • traumatic reticulitis
  • ruminitis
    > calves : joint I’ll or naval ill
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14
Q

Amyloidosis appearance path. Category?

A
  • rough surface, discoloured,
  • 2* to anything causing pyeamia
  • but only classified as category 3 (pet food) as not infectious itself
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15
Q

Interstitial nephritis category

A
  • cat 3 unless caused by Leptospira (general lyrexia etc.) then whole carcasse rejected
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16
Q

Most likely cause of pyeloneohritis. Category?

A

UTI

- cat 2 as infectious

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17
Q

Renal cysts category

A

Category 3 just not nice flavour - animals don’t care

18
Q

What can IM injection cause?

A

Abscess

19
Q

Abscess category

A
  • category 2 for whole meat cut (eg. Rump)

- rest of carcasse ok

20
Q

When can newborn animals be sent for slaughter?

A

~1 week when the naval is dry

21
Q

Main causes of cranial pneumonia in cattle. Category

A
  • viruses (IBR, PI, syncytial viruses, BVD)
  • mycoplasma
    (Stay in cranial lobes)
  • parasites go caudal lobes as heavy go to bottom
  • bacteria everywhere
  • tumours can spread all over
    > pet food cat 3 unless ABSCESSES then need further work up
  • carcasse oki only need to cat the organ
22
Q

Conventional PM meat inspection

A
  • visual inspection (only visual for pigs)
  • palpation and incision of offals and carcass
    > NB hazards of cutting abscess etc.
    > not effective for detecting most microbiological hazards (move towards visual inspection only)
    > risk based approach should take into account food chain information (FCI) and AM findings
23
Q

Competent authorities

A 
> FSA 
- meat inspectors (MIs) 
- official vet (OV) 
> APHA
> trading standards
24
Q

Outline decision tree of OV meat inspection

A

> abnormal
- common condition can be rejected by MI
- rarer detailed PM by OV -> conditional approval or total condemnation
normal
- fit for human consumption

25
Q

What does all meat fit for human consumption need?

A

> oval health mark
- country
- approval no slaughterhouse
good for traceability, assurance food controls, food safety

26
Q

When is meat considered unfit at PM

A
  • no AM inspection
  • derived from animals failing AM inspection
  • offals or carcasse no PM inspection
  • notifiable disease (NB only if generalised, can eat TB cows as localised lesion)
  • zoonotic disease
  • does not meet microbiological criteria
  • emaciation
  • residues
  • IV radiation
  • foreign bodies
  • poor bleeding
  • boar taint
27
Q

Categories of animal by product

A

> parts of carcasse unfit for human consumption to be disposed according to EC regs
1 - high risk + specified risk materials (SRM)
2 - high risk
3 - low risk

28
Q

What are edible byproducts

A
  • parts of slaughtered animal unfit for human consumption at time of production but can be processed for use in human food
  • eg.
  • rendered animal fat and grease
  • treated stomachs bladders and intestine
  • gelatine
  • collagen
29
Q

cat 1

A
  • marked fisk for public health
  • to be stained with PATENT BLUE V and incinerated at licensed premises
    > eg
  • TSE associated (SRM spinal cord of cows)
  • digoxins, lead contaminated meat
  • animal tx with illegal substances
  • ruminants DOA
  • zoo and circus animal carcasses
  • wild animals infected with zoonotic or animal pathogens
30
Q

cat 2

A
  • risk for human and animal health, not fit for sonsumption by either
  • to be stained with BRILLIANT BLACK and rendered [^temp, ^ pressure, converts waste tissue into stable, value added materials - treated and then put into pet food maybe?? check]
    > eg
  • pig and poultry DOA avian influenza risk (exempt from staining)
  • animals killed for dz control
  • potential zoonotic risk
  • anything not undergone PM inspection
  • manure (exept from staining)
31
Q

cat 3

A
  • not for human consumption
  • no staining required
  • can go directly into pet food
    > unfit meat but with NO signs of dz communicable to humans or animals (eg. livers with fluke or milk spots, congenital melanosis, renal cysts)
    > hides, skins, hooves, horns providing animals passed AM and PM inspection
32
Q

How many abattoirs in UK?

A
  • 202 red mea t England
  • 23 wales
  • 31 Scotland
33
Q

Likelihood of occourence and corresponding impact on public health of common pathogens. * those likely detected at AM infection

A 
> ^impact on public health and ^probability of occourence
- VTEC
- Salmonella
> ^impact, v probability 
- BSE *
> v impact v probability 
- trichinella
- toxoplasma
- Yersinia
- contaminants/residues*
- septaceamia/tomxaemia*
- exotiv viral dz
- c. bovis
- m. bovis/avium (TB) 
- localised inflame lesions *
> v impact, ^ probability 
- campyl;obacter 
- hydatid cyst/liver fluke 
- bruising, abscesses
34
Q

When is withholding of the health mark done?

A
  • failure AM PM inspection
  • presence SRM (except vertebral column bovines >30months)
  • carcase gross pathology or visable contamination
  • residues or contaminants suspected
  • abbatoir contaminated water supply if risk to public halth
  • inadequate inspection facilities
  • meat declared by OV unfit
35
Q

SRM cattle

A

> all ages
- tonsils
- last 4m small intestine
- ceacum
- mesentry
over 12mon
- skull excluding mandible including brain and eyes
- spinal cord
over 30mo
- vertebral column including dorsal root ganglia
- excluding vertebrae of tail, spinous and transverse processes of cervical, thoracic and lumber vertebrae
- median sacral crest and wings of sacrum

36
Q

SRM sheep and goats

A

> all ages
- spleen and ilieum
- 60cm terminal small intestine to ensure all ileum removed
over 12mo/permenant incisor erupted
- skull inc brian and eyes, tonsils and spinal cord
- not horns

37
Q

Disposal of each category of byproduct?

A

1: incineration registered plant
2: incineration, or after heat tx, compost, fertiliser, biogas
3: incineration, pet food, technical use, biogas, compost

38
Q

What is inspected to ID glanders? Decision based on +?

A
  • solipeds
  • examine mms (trachea, larynx, nasal cavitieis, sinuses)
  • if + whole carcasse and offal unfit for human consumption
39
Q

Taenia saginata inspection decisisons

A

> localised
- remove infected bits, remaining carcasse fit for human consumption AFTER COLD Tx ONLY
- viable and non-viable cysts
generalised
- non-viable cysts localaised lesions rejected and remaining carcasse fit for human consumption AFTER COLD TX ONLY
- viable cysts - organs and carcass unfit for human consumption

40
Q

Conditions with specific guidelines for inspection

A
  • TSE
  • cystercercosis
  • glanders
  • TB
  • Brucellosis
  • Trichinosis

BVetMed - Additional content (Year 4) (34 decks)

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