Egg Production Flashcards
1
Q
Important anatomy of the egg
A
- chalazae holds yolk central (important w.r.t. Turning in incubation)
- air sac older the egg, larger the air sac
2
Q
Classes of eggs
A
> class A - small air cell - very clean - no abnormalities >class B - odd shape or size - dirty - broken out and pasteurised before use > class C - industrial, NON FOOD - shampoos and soap
3
Q
Can eggs be washed?
A
- no not in this country NO EGGS can be washed
- minimise risk of salmonella spread
4
Q
What does the red Lion mean?
A
Flock always vax against salmonella
5
Q
How are eggs pasteurised
A
- egg to be heated to 64.4* for 2.5mins
- destroys all pathogens without affecting any good qualities of the egg
- egg cooled to below 4* then packed
6
Q
How does egg colour reflect welfare?
A
- brown eggs from brown hens pdf cannabilism
- White hens not (in US use these)
- in UK beak trimming needed
7
Q
Food safety risks
A
- campylobacter broilers
- salmonella layers
> salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium
> rod g- bacterium (enterobacteriaceacae) - transmitted by rodents and wild birds
8
Q
Pathogenesis salmonella
A
- feacal oral
- can be via URT
- conjunctiva maybe
- colonisation of digestive tract and invades and multiplies in enterocytes and tonsillar lymphoid tissue
- attachment through fimbrial appendages (abx = fimbrial blockers)
- gut damage and diarrhoea
9
Q
Are there salmonella control programmes?
A
2 national control programmes
- layer
- broiler
10
Q
Outline salmonella control in broilers
A
- samples taken at chick placement
- samples taken within 3w birds being sent for (slaughter?? missing from lie)
11
Q
Salmonella control in laying flocks
A
- test as day old
- test within 2 w of lay/before transfer to laying farm
- test q15w (first test within 22w)
12
Q
Campylobacter
A
> c. Jejuni
- campylobacter g- thermophilic, obligate microaerophilic bacterium
- ubiquitous in temperate environments
- likes birds d/t ^ core body temperature
13
Q
Pathogenesis of campylobacter and interventions to v ?
A
- colonises mucus overlying epithelial GIT cells
- multiple intervention strategies
- each time a carcasse tx to remove or destroy campy (physcial/chemical not UK) numbers will be reduced
14
Q
1* production interventions to reduce campy
A
- investigate biosecurity
- hygiene barriers, fly screens, water Tx
- review rapid on-farm campy test
- investigate motivational drivers of biosecurity compliance (£££)
15
Q
Transport interventions
A
> Esp at thinning
- crate washing and drying
- novel crate and disinfection methods
