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Anatomy Decks > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the orietnation of the external oblique?

A

Oblique

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2
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Flexion of the torso and contralateral rotation of torsa

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique?

A

Ventral rami of T7-12

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4
Q

What is the orientaition of the internal oblqiue?

A

Superiormedial (upper)

Inferiormedial (lower)

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5
Q

What are the actions of the internal oblique?

A

Bilaterally flex trunk and compress contents

Unlaterally flex and rotate to same side

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the internal oblique?

A

T7-T12

LI

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the transversus abdominis muscle fibres?

A

Horizontal

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8
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compress the ribs and viscera providing thoracic and pelvic stability

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?

A

T6-12

L1

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10
Q

What is the oritentation of muscle fibres of the rectus abdominis?

A

Vertical

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11
Q

What does the rectus abdominis do?

A

Flex lumbar pine

Intrabdominal pressure

Respiration

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?

A

T7-12

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13
Q

Try and label

(top right, bottom right then left)

A

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Rectus sheath

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14
Q

Label

Top right then bottom right

Then top left and bottom left

A

Linea alba

External obliques

Pectoralis major

Internal obliques

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15
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Tendon sheath (aponeurosis) which encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

It is an extension of the tendons of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles.

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16
Q

What are the layers of the rectus sheath?

A

External oblique

Internal oblique

Tranversus abdominis

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17
Q

What lies in the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis muscle

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18
Q

What does the pyramidalis do?

A

Tense the linea alba

19
Q

What is where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends called?

A

Acurate line

20
Q

Label this- top right, bottom right, top left, bottom left

A

Superior epigastric

Inferior epigastric

Superior epigastric vein

Inferior epigastric vein

21
Q

What do the superior arteries arise from?

A

Internal thoracic artery

22
Q

What do the superior veins drain into?

A

Internal thoracic vein

23
Q

What do the inferior arteries arise from?

A

Femoral artery

24
Q

What do the inferior veins drain to?

A

Femoral veins

25
Q

What is caput medusa?

A

Formation of dilated abdominal wall veins which extend from the umbilicus

26
Q

Where does the lymph drain to above the umbilicus?

A

Anterior and posterior axillary lymph nodes

27
Q

What does the lymph drain to below the umbilicus?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

28
Q

What is the ingunal canal?

A

Oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall

4cm long

Pasage for structres from abdomen to genital region

29
Q

Where does the ingunal ligament originate?

A

At the pubic tubercle and attaches to the anterior superior illiac spine

30
Q

What is the inguinal ligament formed from?

A

The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

31
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

A

External oblique

32
Q

What anatomical point is used to surgically determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Immediately above pubic crest

1cm above and superolateral to the pubic tubercle

33
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

Superior and posterior

34
Q

What layer is the deep inguinal ring an opening in?

A

Transversialis abdominis

35
Q

Anterior borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Medially- Superficial inguinal ring

Laterally- Flesh part of internal oblique muscle

36
Q

Posterior borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

Conjoint tendon

Deep inguinal ring

37
Q

Roof borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Mid crus of aponeurosis of external oblique, deep inguinal ring, internal oblique and transverse abdominal and transversalis fascia

38
Q

What is the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament and illopubic tract

39
Q

What are the male contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord

Ilioinguinal nerve

Blood and lymphatics

40
Q

What is the female contents of the inguinal canal

A

Round ligament

Ilioingunal nerve

Blood and lymphatics

41
Q

What layers of the spermatic cord correlte with abdominal wall

A

Internal spermatic fascia- Deep to transverse abdominis

Cremasteric fascia- Internal oblique

Cremasteric muscle- External oblique

External spermatic fascia- Between skin and external oblique

42
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Most common form of hernias.

Inguinal hernias can be classified into direct or indirect.

An indirect hernia is most common, resulting from a congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring, allowing abdominal contents to enter into the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and even out of the deep inguinal ring.

Direct hernias account for 1/3 of inguinal hernias.

Abdominal contents do not pass through the deep inguinal ring, but simply push through a weak spot in the muscles making up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, allowing contents to enter the canal and, again, even pass through the superficial inguinal ring.

43
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Occurs below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.

These are more common in females.

The risk of strangulation in a femoral hernia is high.

44
Q

What is an umbiliac hernia?

A

Occur when the abdominal contents pass through a weakness at the site of the passage of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall.

In adults umbilical hernias are acquired, rather than congenital.

Abnormal fibres at the linea alba may also contribute to weakness of the wall.

Anatomy Decks (141 decks)

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