The Kidneys

Question 1

Answer 1

Female

Question 2

Answer 2

Male

Question 3

What are the componenet parts of the urinary system and the function of each part?

Answer 3

Kidneys - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

Ureter -Muscular ducts with narrow lumina that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

Bladder – Stores urine which allows urination to be infrequent and controlled

Urethra -Tube allows urine to pass outside the body

Question 4

The two bean-shaped kidneys lie in the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column between vertebrae

Answer 4

T12-L3

Question 5

The hilus of the kidney (the part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/ leave the substance of the kidney) lies at the level of the what?

Answer 5

Transpyloric plane

Question 6

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

Answer 6

L1

Question 7

Which kidney is lower?

Answer 7

Right because of location of the liver

Question 8

What is each kidney enclosed with?

Answer 8

Fibrous renal capsule

Fatty renal capsule

Renal fascia – fibro-fatty tissue.

Pararenal fatty tissue – mainly on the posterior aspects of the kidney

Question 9

What is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidneys?

Answer 9

Protection from trauma and damage

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Notice the close relation of the kidney with the diaphragm. What does that tell you about the position of the kidneys during inspiration and expiration

Answer 12

Move during respiration

Question 13

Are the kindeys intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 13

Retroperitoneal

Question 14

Rihgt kidney?

Answer 14

Right kidney

• 1* Supradrenal area- Adrenal glands
• 2* Hepatic area- Liver
• 3 Dueodenal area- Anteriorromedial surface of right kidney*
• 4* Colic area- Ascending colon and right colic flexure
• 5* Area for psoas major

Question 15

Label the left kidney?

Answer 15

• 1* Supradreanl area
• 2* Gastric area- Medial to splenic area
• 3* Splenic area- Infererior surface of spleen
• 4* Pancreatic area- Posterior surface of tail of pancreas
• 5* Jejunal area
• 6* Colic area

Question 16

What is the nerve supply of the kindey?

Answer 16

Sympathetic nerves originate in the T12 and L1 spinal segments, pass through the coeliac ganglia and along the renal artery to the organ.

Parasympathetic nerves are derived from the vagus nerves.

Question 17

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?

Answer 17

Lymph from the kidneys drain to the para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1).

Question 18

From which embryological structure does the definitive kidney develop?

Answer 18

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 19

What does the ureter develop from?

Answer 19

Ureteric bud

Question 20

Answer 20