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SWRK 1001 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Social Welfare Definition

A

Highly abstract, no universally agreed definition

Term gained popularity in late 19th early 20th centuries when industrialization, urbanization and immigration were transforming city life

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2
Q

City transformation early 19th, 20th centuries

A

created modern problems, new problems

ex- poverty, unemployment, family breakdown & everyone was at risk

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3
Q

Social welfare term evolved out of/ reflects:

A

Social Reform

and ALSO// replaced the old term “Charity”

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4
Q

Social Welfare meaning:

A

A formal, organized & government approach to ensure a basic standard of living for all (Leiby, 1977)

governmental approach to ensure basic standards of living and meet a basic standard of living

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5
Q

Social Welfare:

A

societies vision of well being, health, happiness & prosperity

a society that sees itself as fairing well

ALSO// a system-
policies and programs designed to help individuals, families and communities meet basic needs

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6
Q

Social work is the profession most closely associated with the field of:

A

social welfare

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7
Q

Social welfare in Social Work involves…

A

the study and implementation of strategies designed to alleviate human suffering, prevent social problems & improve the quality of life of disadvantaged groups

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8
Q

Canada’s social welfare system is limited to…

A

people who require assistance to meet basic needs

GOVERNMENT measures SOCIAL WELL-BEING to identify who needs the social welfare system & HOW their needs will be met

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9
Q

Measuring Social Well-Being

A

2007 Gov. of CAN released the Indicators of well-being in Canada
(IWC)

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10
Q

IWC- Indicators of well-being in Canada

A

a measurement framework designed to provide a national & comprehensive picture of well-being of Canada

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11
Q

The IWC recognizes 10 broad domains of individual & social well-being

A

learning / work / financial security / environment / security (safety) / health / leisure / social participation / family life / housing

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12
Q

Each domain of IWC uses 3 types of indicators to measure the characteristics of/or changes in the well being of Canadians : the 3 indicators are…

A

1) Status indicators
(human conditions or progress in major life areas such as employment)
2) Life events indicators
(track the rates of significant life-course events, ex: marriage/ divorce
3) Key influences indicators
(report on individual & community resources required for well-being, as well as peoples access to/availability of & maintenance of those resources)

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13
Q

5 Domains that the social welfare system is most likely to address…

A 
Work
Financial security
Social participation
Housing
Family life
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14
Q

Researchers must update measuring tools of well being regularly because…

A

society has a changing perspective of well-being

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15
Q

IWC reports the well being of CAN’s has been on….

rise/decine?… since 1994-2010?

A

decline

CAN’s economy grew by 29%- quality of life grew by 5.7%

greatest decline between 2008-2009

ECONOMY PROSPERITY does not = /guarantee social well-being

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16
Q

The primary function of the social welfare system is for a society to fare well.. for a society to fare well its members must be…

A

physically, socially, psychologically, financially, & materially healthy

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17
Q

Human Need is…

A

a necessary requirement for human development. If not met can lead to serious physical, psychological and social harm

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18
Q

CAN’s welfare system aims to identify and meet

A

basic human needs

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19
Q

Identifying human needs- Maslows Hierarchy of needs P. 8

A 
Self Actualization-#5
Self Esteem-#4
Social-#3
Safety-#2
Physiological-#1 food and water
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20
Q

When people meet their needs

A

they are more likely to contribute to society

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21
Q

Social Welfare Programs

A

are for people who fail to meet basic needs

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22
Q

Social Welfare Programs aim to…

A
  • Provide basic necessities to those in need
  • Help isolated/ marginalized groups in the need to belong/participate in society
  • Assisting parents/ income earners having trouble fulfilling their roles
  • Ensure that people can access resources and opportunities to meet needs/ support families
  • Address ‘special needs’ related to substance abuse, mental disorders & other conditions that inhibit human development
  • Protect vulnerable members of society (Children/Elderly) from abuse or neglect
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23
Q

Political leaders decide…

A

Which types of human needs/ issues they will treat as public and which are private

But// there are too many people and not enough funds so// Gov.s must decide how much they can spend on social welfare and what to spend it on

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24
Q

Public Issues

A

needs or conditions that the government takes responsibility for

ex- poverty, domestic violence and racism

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25
Q

Private Issues

A

Problems individuals must handle on their own…

ex- Marital disagreements

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26
Q

Capital

A

Can take many forms
But//
usually HUMAN and SOCIAL capital are relevant to social welfare

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27
Q

Human Capital

A

Skills, Capabilities, Knowledge as well as other personal assets that people use to earn a living, cope with life problems/ challenges & achieve self reliance

EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM- focuses on building human capital- in its provision of job skills training, career planning workshops & other services to help people find work.

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28
Q

Social Capital

A

Social supports, networks and contacts that people rely on for emotional support, access to resources and general participation in society
Ex- programs building social capital are; ECE, parent support groups, peer counselling for seniors

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29
Q

Canada’s Social Welfare System is made up of…

A

a wide range of gov sponsored programs

many provide cash, food, shelter — to people in need

& can also include councelling, peer support, info giving or advocacy

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30
Q

Social welfare is an essential social program, along with;

A

health care, post-secondary school education, etc.

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31
Q

Professions that often work closely together with social workers

A

the Justice System

Nurses

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32
Q

Social welfare system has its own mandate, goals, and objectives but// can be classified into two categories

A 
#1) Income security programs
#2) Social Services
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33
Q

Income Security Programs

A

provide financial aid to replace or supplement a persons income during times of unemployment
ex) pregnancy, old age, sickness, or disability

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34
Q

Social Minimum

A

Means that all CAN’s enjoy a reasonable standard of living

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35
Q

4 Main types of Income security programs…

A

1) Targeted Cash Transfer
2) Universal Cash Transfer
3) Contributory Programs—–> forced saving programs
4) Tax Relief Measures——-> reduce amount of tax owed

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36
Q

Social Services are…

A

non- income benefits funded partly or fully by gov., designed to improve the living conditions of individuals, families and communities

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37
Q

social services fulfill many functions…

A

-provide goods and services
-support/ help ppl with problems related to daily living
- protect vulnerable members of society- children and elderly
-prevent and minimize the effects of social problems
ex- poverty, domestic violence, drug abuse

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38
Q

Provinces and Territories…

A

are responsible for their own social services

39
Q

Social Services are provided for…

A

Children, Youth, Parents, Seniors, People with disabilities

These services provide support and care usually given by family or other informal support groups

40
Q

Targeted programs…

A 
restrict WHO can access welfare Limited to narrow segments of the population deemed vulnerable or at risk for a certain social or economic hardship    ....ex- children living in poverty
-Aboriginal peoples 
-Seniors
-The unemployed
-People with disabilities
-Recent Immigrants
-Targeted programs include... social assistance
-child tax credits
rental subsides
41
Q

3 Financial Tests performed to determine eligibility…

A

Income Tests- eligibility based on annual income— ignores needs and assets

Needs Tests- assessment on needs and necessary expenses and determine if income can meet those needs

Asset Tests- analyze assets (savings and investments)—- if you’re above a certain level you do not qualify

42
Q

Universal Programs

A

available to broad segments of the population
ex) all children under 6
all adults over 65
“benefits should be rights”
no tests need to be taken
must meed basic criteria such as age or residency

43
Q

Canada’s first Universal Program

A

“Family Allowances” 1945- a monthly cash benefit to all CAN families who had children

44
Q

Universality

A

Avoids the two-tier system that results in “second class” stigmatization, labelization and segregation

45
Q

Cutbacks began in

A

late 1980s when gov.s introduced clawbacks to family allowances and old age security benefits

46
Q

Clawbacks…

A

Required high income earners to pay back some or all of the benefits recieved

47
Q

Progressive Universalism

A

CAN gov.s favor European Universality called Progressive Universalism

Priority is to reduce poverty rather than benefit everyone

Ex of progressive universalism = Quebec’s ECE and child care program $7 per children under 5/ helps some more than others

48
Q

The UCCB/ universal child care benefit

A

gives 1200 per year BUT// people may have to pay back some or all of the $ in taxes

(progressive universalism)

49
Q

Political Ideology

A

a set of beliefs that shape peoples view of society

50
Q

Canada’s social welfare system…

A

is a product of multiple ideologies that have evolved over time in response to social, economic & political developments

51
Q

Conservatism, Liberalism, & Social Democracy have shaped peoples views on…

A

what need is &//

the extent to which the gov. should go to help people

52
Q

Conservatism (in a social welfare context)

A
  • Not entirely opposed to change
  • Supports traditional values (social roles and religious standards)
  • Individualism is pushed (work hard, get wealth and property)

-View of poverty= people are poor because they made poor choices

BASIC VALUES- Moralism, Family, Church, Tradition, Class, Privilege,
Competition
KEY TO WELL BEING- Saving, Investing, “working any job is a good job”
(more info on p. 19)

53
Q

Conservatives view government as:

A

not financially responsible for people.
they think gov.s main priority should be the military and strengthening police services

They also believe that state intervention messes up individual freedom

54
Q

Neoliberalism - (“New” or “Neo”)

A
  • A contemporary form of conservatism related closely to globalization
  • They believe in no tax interference
  • Believe that wealth will trickle down in society if left alone
55
Q

Social Democracy

A
  • Opposes the extreme communism
  • Gained more support in CAN than communism
  • Rejects the competitive values of capitalism, individualism, & private enterprise
  • work collaboratively rather than individually
  • POVERTY= viewed as a consequence of capitalism
56
Q

Egalitarianism

A

Equal advantage and power among citizens

57
Q

Liberalism

A
  • Supports individualism
  • “humanizing” capitalist values
  • A balance between economic goals and human development
  • Liberalism supports peoples rights to self expressions, individuality, and choice of lifestyle
  • Liberals view POVERTY and other social problems as resulting from flaws in the capitalist system
  • They see a role for gov. to help people in modern society
58
Q

Social Safety Net

A

A limited range of targeted, publicly funded programs

59
Q

3 main approaches to the social welfare system

A

1) The Residual Approach
2) The Institutional Approach
3) The Social Investment Approach

60
Q

The Residual Approach to Social Welfare

A

Residual= “remains” or “left over”

Targeted, Meagre, and Short term

61
Q

The deserving poor

A

sick, aged, disabled, incapable of working

62
Q

The un-deserving poor

A

Able bodies unemployed adults capable of work

63
Q

The institutional approach to social welfare

A

Gov.s who use this approach do not charge full price for human needs
(goods and essentials needed for well being

NO STIGMA attached to welfare this way b/c its available to everyone

64
Q

Welfare States

A

Embody principles of an institutional approach

Gov uses their power to intervene to correct the income inequality (the wage gap) between the very rich and the very poor

To equalize incomes Gov. uses tax system to take a portion of the $ from high/moderate income earners to give to low income earners

65
Q

Is Canada a Welfare State?

A

No, Canada is not as much a welfare state, but more of a country that offers minimum protection by gov. through a limited range of programs designed for ‘at risk populations’

66
Q

The Social Investment Approach

A

Taking a proactive stance before the problem arises

Social inclusion of all citizens

Favor programs that promise to yield long-term benefits

INVESTING IN CHILDREN= National Child Benefit

Programs promote multiculturalism, address racism, and help immigrants integrate into society

67
Q

Social Policy Change…

is it Micro, Mezzo or Macro level?

A

Macro Level

68
Q

Does Social Welfare always benefit everyone?

A

No

Social Welfare can compensate, support, or make inequalities, disadvantages and oppression’s worse

69
Q

Every Social Worker MUST

A

Try to make social change

70
Q

MASLOW’S HEIRCHY OF NEEDS

A

most important are at bottom, least important are at top

Self Actualization
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety
Physiological

but people don’t always have to follow this order

71
Q

Maslows Triangle Hierarchy can be inacurate because

A

“Higher Value Needs” can be more important than lower sometimes

Risking your life for a protest does not follow the heirarchy

72
Q

Welfare covers only…

A

basic needs (shelter and food) everything else is not necessary

73
Q

Biggest indicator of happiness (notion of happiness video)

A

being satisfied in social relations

74
Q

Denmark is at the top of the list for

A

the happiest place out of (150 countries)

Study conducted to tell if peoples lives are improving or declining

75
Q

POVERTY is…

A
  • a type of need
  • a classic concern for social policy
  • a classic social problem, that social welfare systems seek to attend to
76
Q

POVERTY alleviation…

A
  • Providing meals to those in need
  • financial compensation
  • Canadian child benefit
77
Q

Defining Poverty…

A

tends to be defined as not meeting a certain income level
but// also not meeting certain needs

poverty looks different for different types of people (cultures, countries)

78
Q

Alleviating poverty

A

there is a major focus on alleviating childrens poverty but not all poverty

depends on societies values and principles

Hard to define what is a need (is a cell phone a need?)

79
Q

Living in Debt can be defined as…

A

living in poverty

80
Q

3 CATEGORIES ASSESSED: when determining poverty

A

Assets
Income Level
What can people buy with their $?

81
Q

Non- income earners arr typically…

A

women

82
Q

Non- income earner… are they defined as living in poverty?

A

NO, if they live with an income earner

83
Q

The working poor

A

typically minimum wage earners

people who have assets and are working but do not have enough money

84
Q

What makes someone poor?

A

Racism, Colonialism, Cultural Context > history presents itself as inter-generational poverty

85
Q

Quality of housing effects…

A

Quality of life

86
Q

People can have all their needs met while appearing…

A

Poor

so we need to think critically when defining who is in need

87
Q

Addiction poverty in CAN is…

GAMBLING AND OR DRUGS

A

Not accepted

tents and housing are torn down

88
Q

Physical Disabilities vs Addicts

A

Physical - accepted> they are not at fault

Addicts- not accepted> difficult to get help because addiction is seen as their own fault

89
Q

Systems have ______ _________ built into them…

A

Moral judgement

90
Q

Better to address problems from …

A

the root rather that try to fix the aftermath

91
Q

Canada’s working poor video

A

NO political party recognizes the working poor

92
Q

17% of London’s population…

A

NOW lives in poverty

93
Q

List of Social Welfare Programs

A
  • Ontario Works (general welfare in CAN—> no income/ no assets—-> basic necessities/// rent, food, $ provision)
  • Child Care benefit
  • BUT// social welfare programs are not just income supports/ they are also services and education

SWRK 1001 (4 decks)

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