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SWRK 1001 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Social policies are never

A

Nutural or value free

they are the values of Canada

they provide structure to almost every aspect of our lives

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2
Q

Personal Policies are:

A

Unwritten rules that we set for ourselves

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3
Q

Public Policies are:

A

Government Policies

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4
Q

Social policies require/ are:

A

the development and implantation of social programs

ex- social welfare, healthcare, post-secondary

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5
Q

Social Welfare Policy is…

A

a subset of social policies aiming to-

  • strengthen job security
  • provide training and skills development
  • motivate adults to work and save for the future
  • redistribute income to limit poverty
  • enhance the quality of life for people, families and communities
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6
Q

STAGES of social policy development:

used by social policymakers

A

1) identify social problems and issues
2) understand social problems and issues/ what needs to change
3) consult and review
4) formalize the policy
5) implement the policy
6) evaluate the policy/program and amend if needed

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7
Q

Living and working conditions are not problematic until…

A

People label them that way—– DESIREABLE vs UN-DESIREABLE

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8
Q

Social Conditions

A

some are accepted others are not

ACCEPTED= divorce
NOT ACCEPTED= unemployment

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9
Q

A Social Issue is:

A

A widespread condition that is not problematic BUT/// Potentially could be if not addressed promptly

Ex; aging population

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10
Q

Social Problem

A

an issue must need certain criteria to be labelled a “PROBLEM”

1) majority/ or lots of people must see it as a problem
2) economic, social hardships, negative consequences
3) a collective response is taken to end the problem

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11
Q

Serious Social Problems In Canada:

A 
Crime
Child poverty
Racism
Violence against women
Drug addiction 
Homelessness
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12
Q

Bisexuality and divorce are considered social problems by fewer Canadians–> in result:

A

are lower priorities for policy makers

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13
Q

There is a changing perception on what a social problem is:

A

social problems accepted now were not accepted in the past

Racism/ Racist Laws enacted

Today racist laws and discrimination are not tolerated

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14
Q

Social Welfare Policies Reflect:

A

Nations priorities which are ever changing

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15
Q

Poverty and social exclusion are…

A

intertwined

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16
Q

Social Exclusion began…

A

in the shift from industrial to post industrial era

“people feeling left out from society”

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17
Q

Understanding social issues and problems:

A

Policy makers must learn about the nature and prevalance of the issues and problems that effect society

and must also find ways to measure social problems

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18
Q

Social Knowledge

A

on housing, income, and education

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19
Q

DATA collection tools

A

Surveys
Interviews
Focus groups
longitudinal surveys

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20
Q

LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS:

A

are the most helpful tool in the social welfare field

Follows the progress of the same group of people over time

and can be on 1 or more aspect of a social condition or problem

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21
Q

EXAMPLE of a longitudinal survey

A

1) negative events people experience
2) the time it takes to find employment after unemployment
3) the influences the economy has on these events/transitions

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22
Q

Longitudinal Surveys

A

identify HOW changing and emerging patterns in the general population might create either social WELL BEING or// SOCIAL PROBLEMS

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23
Q

CLSA initiated in 2001

A

“Canadas Longitudinal study on aging” tracks about 50000 adults over 20 years

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24
Q

2001 The United Nations Redefined Poverty as:

A

“a human condition characterized by substained or chronic deprivation of resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary for the enjoyment of an adequit standard of living and other social, political, economic, cultural and civil rights”

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25
Q

Much of CAN’s social knowledge comes from…

A

The census Statistics CAN conducts every 5 years (since 1971)

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26
Q

Defining and measuring social problems

A

Once a social problem has been identified, it must be defined and measured

a general consensus and measurement must be reached before policy makers can design effective policies

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27
Q

First task of defining a social problem is:

A

Labeling it

child abuse, racism, poverty, social exclusion

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28
Q

The international community (including CAN) signed the United Nations Declaration on the elimination of violence against women in:

A

1993

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29
Q

Women abuse aka

A

gender based violence

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30
Q

Indicators

A

Help to measure the existence of social problems

data or statistical measure

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31
Q

Indicators: QUANTIFY vs QUALIFY

A

QUANTIFY= how many/ how often are people affected by this problem?

QUALIFY= others serve to qualify how people perceive a social problem

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32
Q

Emotional or Psychological Indicators

A

Women are afraid or angry

Feel Isolated

-have suicidal or homocidal thoughts

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33
Q

Physical Indicators

A

women experience non-consensual sex

recurring genital pain

unwanted touching

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34
Q

Financial Indicators

A

abusers who control womens finances

or// women who seek permission from abusers before spending money

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35
Q

Stalking or Harassment Indicators

A

women are followed or watched

receive unwanted telephone calls or gifts

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36
Q

These Indicators…

A

not only illustrate HOW a problem manifests in society

but can also report on how a problem changes over time
*partially used for identifying emerging trends

DISCOVERY- some women are more at risk for violence

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37
Q

High Risk Women Groups:

A

Young, Poor, Aboriginal, disabled and are dating, in a common law relationship or recently out of a relationship

These groups help policymakers target their policies and programs to certain at risk populations

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38
Q

At time policy makers FAIL to agree:

A

on what social problems look like

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39
Q

No Nationally Agreed Definition of ______ in Canada
No official single set of indicators to measure ______ in Canada
Making it difficult to measure _____ and develop solutions

A

poverty (for all)

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40
Q

Stage 3: Consulting and Reviewing

A
  • Stakeholders must come together to set desired outcomes/ benefits of proposed policy
  • Determine which type of policy would most likely achieve desired outcomes
  • Debate pros and cons of policy choices
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41
Q

Policy Community

A

a broad mix of organizations, individuals& groups from both inside and outside government

“Stakeholders”

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42
Q

Canada is a Federal State that divides power between:

A

Central/fed. gov.

and Regional or Territorial gov.s

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43
Q

Regional Governments handle:

A

local needs in their area

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44
Q

Early 20th Century

A

Social and Economic problems created by industrialization, urbanization and immigration created the need for an expanded social welfare system

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45
Q

Canada’s Social Transfer CST

A

Modern cost sharing arrangement for social welfare

under CST each province/ territory receives equal payment (per capita payment)

75% goes towards social assistance and child care services
25% goes to education

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46
Q

Per Capita Payment

A

every province/ receives same $ ammount

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47
Q

Regional Identity

A

factors effecting regions goals: economic capacity, ideological views, intergovernmental cooperation

& some regions are more poor that others

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48
Q

The equalization program

A

gives additional funding to less prosperous provinces

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49
Q

Territorial Formula Financing TFF

A

an annual unconditional cash transfer from fed gov to each territorial gov

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50
Q

1990s collaborative governance

A

a new approach to leadership

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51
Q

The social union framework agreement is an example of:

A

collaborative governance
(an agreement between fed and territorial gov.s) to better the lives of all Canadians

A non- binding policy

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52
Q

1968 PM Trudeau called for “participatory democracy”

A

encourages the public to speak out about social problem concerns

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53
Q

Citizens in policymaking

A

involvement in policy making is essential to a democratic and equal society but///
Governments decide who is invited, controlling systems

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54
Q

Interest groups AKA pressure or lobby groups

A

organized collectives that form to support specific causes and try to influence gov. policies for the benefit of their own members OR// on behalf of the public

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55
Q

5 Broad categories of interest groups

A
  • business associations
  • labor groups
  • professional associations
  • research institutions
  • advocacy groups or advisory councils
56
Q

Interest groups use two strategies:

Traditional and Radical Strategies

A

Traditional Strategies= bargaining, polling, public info sessions, directly contacting policymakers

Radical Strategies=hunger or work strikes, protest marches, boycotts, sit ins and public rallys

57
Q

Representatives of an interest group are often invited to share…

A

voices on their problems

58
Q

Passive labor market policies

A

providing/replacing income when someone is out of a job

59
Q

Active labor market policies

A

Ex)

  • employment services
  • job search assistance
  • job training programs
  • employment subside
60
Q

Formalizing Policy

A

policymakers must choose 1 policy over others

once selected gov. must authorize it through legislation or mutual agreement

A transition period then follows weighing the pros and the cons

61
Q

Piecemeal is gradually _______ ground in Canada

A

losing

another approach is the holistic approach

62
Q

Hard Law

A

Policy undergone legislative process that has been passed into law

63
Q

Soft Law

A

A policy that is not legally binding or enforceable

64
Q

Legislative policies

A

a proposal or a bill

1) public bills
2) private bills

65
Q

Federal Legislative Process

Cabinet and Parliamentary Stage

A

on p.51

66
Q

Is it common for years to pass between bill proposal and enactment?

A

yes

67
Q

Non- Binding Policies:

A

are mutual agreements, declarations, codes of practice and resolutions

INEXPENSIVE TO CREATE

EXAMPLE= Social Union Framework Agreement

68
Q

Stage 5 Implementing Policy:

A

Initiatives must be sustainable, inclusive, responsive and accessible

69
Q

Mandated Services

A

Provincial social assistance

and//

child protective services

70
Q

Stage 6: evaluating policies

A

is the policy achieving what it’s supposed to?

used to reveal flaws to amend the policy for the better

71
Q

MODELS OF ANALYSIS: Logic Model vs Process Model

A

Logic Model-

  • identifies connections between the activities of a policy program and the achievement of goals
  • “if then” relationships
  • outputs and outcomes
72
Q

Logic Model

A

Inputs- money, staff, equiptment, time, expertise & physical facilities
Activities- or processes refer to how inputs are used/ex how staff are trained
Outputs- goods/services produced by the policy or program
Outcomes- ultimate effect/ benefits of the policy or program in relation to the goals set

73
Q

Process Model

A

Emphasizes the process by which policy is created and implemented
Can help explain what a policy/ program does, how it does it/ and how these processes effect final results

74
Q

Process Model May Seek to Answer the Following Questions:

A
  • How do people understand/ interpret the presenting issue or problem?
  • What are the political processes that shaped this policy?
  • Who are the main stakeholders
  • Have policymakers sought the public’s interests or consulted with experts?
  • Which type of organization (gov. agency or non-profit organization) is responsible for delivering & managing the program?
  • Is the program achieving its goals?
75
Q

What research method do researchers use to gather info about a policy programs success?

A

ANY METHOD

such as focus groups and surveys

76
Q

All Inclusive Lens

A

p. 56

what degree a policy or program or practice includes or excludes people from the social economic benefits of CAN life

77
Q

Questions asked/ All Inclusive Lens:

A
  • Who is being included, excluded and from what?
  • How are people being included, excluded?
  • Who benefits from the inclusion, exclusion?
78
Q

A life course lens

A

“a life course approach”
transition from one phase to another
ensures that policies respond to peoples needs over a lifespan

79
Q

Ammending, Replacing, or Repealing policy

A
  • every policy can be changed
  • replaced, or plain out KILLED (thrown out)

This happens when a policy is not meeting the goals it intended to meet.

80
Q

Political Ideologies shape peoples…

A

Beliefs

81
Q

The social policy process

A

1) understand the social problem
2) understanding problem and issue
3) consult and review
4) formalizing policy
5) implement policy
6) evaluate

82
Q

Before we suggest something we have to take the time to…

A

LISTEN

83
Q

JHSO week 3

A

info in notes for week 3, near end of notes for module

84
Q

Some definitions of a “social problem”

A
  • a threat to society
  • systemically causes hardship/ violence
  • structural oppression/ inequality
85
Q

Chappell argues that a social problem must

A

be considered a social problem by most, BUT ELSE DISAGREES

86
Q

Everyone does not understand every social problem:

A

ex) Transphobia, Racism, Sexism, Structural Oppression, and inequalitynot everyone can understand

87
Q

Structural Oppression

A

Based on belonging to a member of a category Ex) Women

One of the powers of privilege is getting to define the “Norm”

88
Q

To Change Laws:

A

Must decide/ define what the social problem is

OUR social problems TODAY are very different from our “social problems of the past”

ex) not going to church used to be a social problem

89
Q

Morally ‘GOOD’ or ‘BAD’ behavior

A

changes over time
ex) homosexuality used to be legislated against

people were criminalized for being gay

90
Q

Homophobia Today

A

is not a social problem

91
Q

Access to birth control

A

resulting in smaller families and more women in the labor market

92
Q

Trans Rights

A

Protection from discrimination

93
Q

Rights and Needs of minority groups…

A

Need more attention

94
Q

Sometimes PUBLIC POLICY ….

A

is responsible for directing peoples opinions

SO// sometimes public policy needs to change before peoples opinions can start to change

95
Q

Week 3 Video (“child/baby killers”)

A

20 convicted child murderers—> transition to healing lodges

96
Q

Understanding the “social problems”

A

once identified as a problem, you have to understand the problem

97
Q

gathering data from various sources

A

starts with research

98
Q

Policy makers and those outside looking to make change must all:

A

gather data

99
Q

Must speak with everyone, not just the experts

A

people effected by the problem are the experts

must talk to anyone who might have an opinion on the problem to gather all views

100
Q

Must look at your own social location

A

to understand your biases, and also take a look at your own political ideologies

101
Q

expensive to incarcerate someone:

A

more $ than long term care facilities

102
Q

Need to research and make info easy to access…
“public education documents”
for policy makers and the public

A

in order for policymakers to easily access info needed to make change

HELPS PEOPLE IDENTIFY SOCIAL ISSUES

103
Q

Social Policy: Consultation

A

Democratic process—-> regular people participating in decision making in our country

104
Q

Bills Tabled in the House of Commons…

A

“Federal Bills”

105
Q

policy doesn’t just happen through law

A

ex changing prison food–> speaking to everyone in the prison to see what they think of the food

106
Q

NO CONSULTATION =

A

bad policies

107
Q

Prisoners

A

usually don’t advocate for themselves, they need a non-prisoner to advocate for them

108
Q

Policy making at the consultation level

A

being involved in bill consultations “going to committee” to explore the bill—> and what thoughts on the bill are

109
Q

Need evidence that appeals to the policy makers values

A

to stop a bill from being implemented

-base argument on who your audience is

110
Q

policy making from outside=

A

writing to people in power/ signing petitions etc

111
Q

policy making from inside

A

policy makers

agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation & evaluation

112
Q

FNCS first nations care society

A

Cindy Blackstock’s organization

for care of INDG children/ people

113
Q

Week 3 video “consultation in practice”

A

JHS provides to all, regardless of race

aboriginal people overrepresented in the justice system

114
Q

History, Poverty, and Marginalization contribute to the overrepresentation of INDG people in the…

A

criminal justice system

115
Q

to erase generational traps…

A

inequality needs to be addressed

pathways need to be built to overcome poverty

116
Q

Youth Justice Act

A

putting in efforts to change problems

“high risk children”

crime prevention programs

117
Q

Risk- need assessment tools

A

make sure risks assessnents reflect all cultures

118
Q

High risk neighborhoods

A

exposed to lots of violence and trauma

119
Q

older people

A

tend to be more involved in voicing their political opinions

120
Q

Julie Payette

A

bad person, bad boss

121
Q

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

A

Supreme Law of our land, everything has to follow these laws

ALL LAWS based around the charter of rights and freedoms

protects people and women

122
Q

formal social policy process

A

how a bill becomes a law (chart in week 3 slides)

123
Q

independent bills

A

come from people outside of congress

124
Q

starts as a Bill

A

turns into the Law

125
Q

Social Policy Implentation

A

who provides this service?

what are the costs, how will it be provided?

126
Q

NGO

A

a non-profit organization that operates independently of any gov.

typically its purpose is to address a social/ political issue

127
Q

U.S. prison systems

A

largest incarceration rate -> 655/100000 people are incarcerated
treated as an animal
no officer/ inmate relations

128
Q

Norweigen prison systems

A

not used to punish

a reintegration into society

Normality, Dynamic, Reintigration, Security, Humanity

129
Q

Halden Prison opened 2010

A

the worlds most humane prison

130
Q

Restorative Justice

A

making ammendments without the justice system

131
Q

Evaluation of Policy—> last stage

A

listen more
is this new policy working?
is this policy doing what we want it to do?
MEASURING inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes

132
Q

Any policy needs to have goals… to make sure goals are met:

A

Can be done in informal and formal ways

INFORMAL= random asking of inmates thoughts on food
FORMAL= surveys to measure data on food change from prisoners
133
Q

Any policy also needs to use indicators to measure success of goals:

A

meaningful indicators

EXAMPLE—> is your cultures food reflected in selection served?

134
Q

Indicators

A

a way of measuring

You MUST be careful of what you’re measuring

135
Q

Logic Models, Process Models, System Models:

A

are used to analyze

136
Q

How do we test if programs are working?

A

Randomization- Mixing groups of people to more accurately test people using

those using the program
VS
those not using the program

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