Coasts

Question 1

What are the 4 types of mass movement?

Answer 1

Rockfall, landslide, mudflow and slump.

Question 2

What is mass movement?

Answer 2

The downward movement of material under the influence of gravity.

Question 3

What are the 3 types of weathering?

Answer 3

Mechanical, biological and chemical.

Question 4

What is rockfall?

Answer 4

Fragments of rock that break away from a cliff-face.

Question 5

What is a landslide?

Answer 5

Blocks of rock that slide downhill.

Question 6

What is mudflow?

Answer 6

When saturated soil and weak rock flow down a slope.

Question 7

What is a slump?

Answer 7

A mass of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved slip plane.

Question 8

What is the difference between a constructive and destructive wave in frequency?

Answer 8

Destructive has a higher wave frequency.
Constructive has a lower wave frequency.

Question 9

What are the 4 types of coastal erosion?

Answer 9

Attrition, hydraulic action, abrasion or solution.

Question 10

What is attrition?

Answer 10

When rocks/ pebbles knock into each other. Causing rocks to erode.

Question 11

What is abrasion?

Answer 11

When pebbles grind against a rock-platform like sandpaper. Over time, the rock becomes smooth.

Question 12

What 2 conditions are needed for sand dunes to develop?

Answer 12

Wide sandy beaches as a supply of good sediment.

Strong onshore winds to transport sand.

Question 13

How do dunes develop over time?

_________________ form around obstacles.

Then _____________ by vegetation to form ____________ and _____________________.

_______________ form by accumulation of organic matter making dunes more ___________.

_______________ form due to wind making ________________ in the sand.

Answer 13

Embryo dunes

stabilised
foredunes
tall yellow dunes

Back dunes
fertile

Dune slacks
depressions

Question 14

How is a spit formed?

Needs __________________ and a __________________ to form a ______________________ jutting out onto the sea.
The __________________ makes the sediment ________, forming a ________.
The _______________ deposits material, creating a _____________ behind the spit.

Answer 14

longshore drift
prevailing wind
stretch of sediment

secondary wind
bend
hook

river mouth
saltmarsh

Question 15

What is a tombolo?

Answer 15

A spit connecting the mainland to an island.

Question 16

What is a bar?

Answer 16

A spit grown across a bay, trapping a lagoon behind it.

Question 17

Explain how different coastal landforms are created by erosion.

The sea attacks the ______ of the cliff and begins to erode cracks through ____________________________.

Gradually, the cracks _________ and develop into caves. The cave furtherly erodes until an _______ forms.

The combination of the _____________ at the base of the arch and ________________________ causes the structure to __________. Until the arch collapses due to gravity.

Leaving a _________, which continually erodes and then collapses to form a _______.

Answer 17

foot
hydraulic action and abrasion

get larger
arch

wave attack
weathering of the arch roof
weaken

stack
stump

Question 18

Explain how a coastline of headlands and bays forms and changes over time. (4)

A ____________________ has bands of hard rock and soft rock. The softer rock will erode at _____________ and _______________ than the hard rock.

Over thousands of years, the softer rock will erode more quickly than the harder rock to form _____________________________ and _____________________________.

A ____________________ may develop from headlands retreating while ___________ may develop in bays because of ______________________.

Answer 18

discordant coastline
right angles
retreat faster

headlands jutting out to the sea
bays where land retreats back

wave cut platform
beaches
wave refraction

Question 19

What is a case study of 3 chalk formations including a stack and stump?

Answer 19

Old Harry Rocks off the coast of Dorset, South England.