Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

What are the 2 types of crust?

Answer 1

Thin, dense oceanic crust.

Thick, less dense continental crust.

Question 2

Plates move in relation to each other due to what?

Answer 2

Convection (heat) currents from deep within the Earth.

And gravitational pull.

Question 3

At a constructive margin, plates move ________ due to ________.

Answer 3

apart
gravity

Question 4

At a destructive margin, the __________ plate sinks beneath the ______________ plate.

Answer 4

oceanic
continental

Question 5

At a conservative margin, plates ______ __________ each other.

Answer 5

slide against

Question 6

What is a hot spot?

Answer 6

Where volcanoes can form because the crust is thin and magma can break through the surface.

Question 7

At constructive margins where magma is very ____ and ______, lava erupted from a volcano will flow _______________ before cooling.

Forming broad, flat __________________.

Answer 7

hot
fluid
long distances

shield volcanoes

Question 8

At destructive margins, the ____________ sinks beneath the ________________ and _______ during friction.

Creating a ___________ magma that breaks through the surface to form ______________________________.

Answer 8

ocean plate
sinks
continental plate
melts

less fluid
steep-sided composite volcanoes

Question 9

True or false: Two continental plates at a destructive margin can form volcanoes?

Answer 9

False. There is no subduction (oceanic plate sinking beneath the continental plate).
The two plates collide to form mountains instead.

Question 10

What was the Chile earthquake in 2010 on the Richter scale?

Answer 10

8.8

Question 11

What was the Nepal earthquake in 2015 on the Richter scale?

Answer 11

7.9

Question 12

What margin did the 2015 Nepal earthquake and 2010 Chile earthquake occur on?

Answer 12

The destructive margin.

Question 13

What are 2 primary effects of the 2010 Chile earthquake?

Answer 13

500 people killed.

220, 000 homes destroyed.

Question 14

What are 2 primary effects of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

Answer 14

9000 people killed.

3 million people left homeless.

Question 15

What is a secondary effect of the 2010 Chile earthquake?

Answer 15

1500 km of roads cut-off by landslides, blocking off remote communities.

Question 16

What is a secondary effect of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

Answer 16

An avalanche in Langtang left 250 people left missing.

Question 17

What is an immediate response to the 2010 Chile earthquake?

Answer 17

Power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days.

Question 18

What is an immediate response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

Answer 18

Helicopters rescued many people caught in avalanches at Mount Everest
and delivered supplies to remote villages.

Question 19

What is an long-term response to the 2010 Chile earthquake?

Answer 19

Over 7000 schools to be rebuilt/ repaired.

Question 20

What is an long-term response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

Answer 20

The government released a housing reconstruction plan to help 200,000 households affected by the earthquake.

Question 21

Geothermal energy is used to generate what percent of Iceland’s electricity?

Answer 21

25%

Question 22

How does Iceland’s dramatic landscape help the economy?

Answer 22

By tourism which provides local jobs.

Question 23

What are the 4 ways risks from tectonic hazards can be reduced?

Answer 23

Monitoring

Prediction

Protection

Planning

Question 24

What are 2 ways to monitor tectonic hazards?

Answer 24

Remote sensing by satellites detecting heat changes of a volcano.

Seismographs which record earthquakes.

Question 25

What are 2 ways to protect populations from tectonic hazards?

Answer 25

Digging embankments to divert lava flow.

Building earthquake proof structures.

Question 26

What are 2 ways of planning for tectonic hazards?

Answer 26

Hazard maps to identify areas of evacuation if an eruption occurs.

Maps to identify areas most at risk from earthquake damage.