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IDC Stuff > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Define Anatomy</p>

A

<p>The science of STRUCTURES and the relationships among structures of the human body.</p>

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2
Q

<p>Define physiology</p>

A

<p>The science of body FUNCTIONS that is how the body parts work</p>

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3
Q

what are the levels of organization

A
  • Chemical
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • System
  • Organismal
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4
Q

<p>how many levels of organization are there</p>

A

<p>6</p>

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5
Q

<p>The Chemical level is comprised of what</p>

A

<p>atoms and molecules</p>

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6
Q

<p>2 or more atoms joined together are called what</p>

A

<p>molecules</p>

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7
Q

when is the cellular level is reached

A

when CELLS combine to form structures

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8
Q

<p>The tissue level is reached when</p>

A

<p>groups of cells and materials work together to preform a function</p>

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9
Q

<p>What are the four basic types of tissues in the body</p>

A

<p>- Epithelial
<br></br>- Connective
<br></br>- Muscular
<br></br>- Nervous</p>

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10
Q

The organ level is reached

A

when different kinds of tissues join together to form body structure

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11
Q

<p>What is a common characteristic of organs</p>

A
  • Recognizable shape

- composed of two or more DIFFERENT tissues with a common function.

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12
Q

<p>What are the tissues that make up the stomach</p>

A

Serous Membrane
Smooth Muscle Tissue Layers
Epithelial Tissue

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13
Q

Describe the stomach serous membrane

A

the outside of the stomach that protects and reduces friction

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14
Q

Describe the smooth muscle tissue layers of the stomach

A

contracts to churn and mix food and push to small intestine

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15
Q

<p>Describe the epithelial tissue layer of the stomach</p>

A

<p>innermost lining of the stomach contributes fluid and chemicals that aid digestion</p>

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16
Q

<p>The system level is described as</p>

A

<p>Related organs that have a common function</p>

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17
Q

The body systems work together for what purpose

A

Maintain health

protect against disease
allow for reproduction

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18
Q

<p>Describe the Organismal level</p>

A

<p>The largest level of organization</p>

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19
Q

<p>Which body system helps eliminate waste</p>

A

<p>The Urinary system</p>

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20
Q

<p>Define Homeostasis</p>

A

<p>the maintenance of relatively stable conditions</p>

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21
Q

<p>What systems control homeostasis</p>

A

<p>Nervous and Endocrine System</p>

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22
Q

<p>When the NERVOUS system detects changes how does it send messages</p>

A

<p>Nerve impulses</p>

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23
Q

<p>How does the ENDOCRINE system enact change</p>

A

<p>Secreting molecules called HORMONES</p>

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24
Q

<p>Homeostasis is maintained my means of</p>

A

<p>Feedback systems</p>

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25
Q

<p>what is a feedback system or feedback loop</p>

A

<p>Cycle of events in which a condition in the body is continually MONITORED, EVALUATED, CHANGED, and so on</p>

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26
Q

<p>Controlled conditions are body conditions that are</p>

A

<p>Monitored to maintain homeostasis</p>

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27
Q

<p>A disruption that causes change in a controlled condition is called</p>

A

<p>Stimulus</p>

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28
Q

<p>What are the 3 basic components that make up a feedback system</p>

A
  • Receptors
  • Control Center
  • Effector
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29
Q

<p>what is a Receptor in the feedback system</p>

A

<p>A body structure that monitors change in a controlled condition and sends information to the control center</p>

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30
Q

What does the control center in the feedback system do

A

sets the range of value within which a controlled condition should be maintained.

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31
Q

What is a effector in the feedback system

A

a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response

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32
Q

<p>Describe the feedback system loop</p>

A 
STIMULUS --> 
CONTROLLED CONDITIONS --> 
RECEPTORS -->
CONTROL CENTER --> 
EFFECTORS -->
RESPONSE-
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33
Q

<p>define a negative feedback system</p>

A

<p>Reverses a change in a controlled condition</p>

34
Q

Negative feedback system tend to regulate what

A

Fairly stable conditions over long periods

35
Q

<p>what are examples of controlled condition that are regulated by NEGATIVE feedback system</p>

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood Glucose level
  • Body Temperature
36
Q

<p>Most feedback systems are in the body are</p>

A

<p>Negative</p>

37
Q

<p>Describe a positive feedback system</p>

A

<p>Continually strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition</p>

38
Q

<p>what are examples of controlled condition that are regulated by POSITIVE feedback system</p>

A

<p>Childbirth
<br></br>Ovulation
<br></br>Blood Clotting</p>

39
Q

<p>How is the action of a positive feedback system stopped</p>

A

<p>MUST be interrupted by some mechanism</p>

40
Q

<p>Define anatomical position</p>

A

<p>The language of anatomy and physiology</p>

41
Q

<p>in the study of anatomy we assume what position</p>

A

<p>Anatomical Position</p>

42
Q

<p>What is the anatomical position</p>

A

<p>Standing erect facing the observer
<br></br>Head level
<br></br>Eyes forward
<br></br>lower limbs parallel
<br></br>fleet flat
<br></br>upper limbs at side
<br></br>palms turned forward</p>

43
Q

<p>describe Prone</p>

A

<p>the body is lying face down</p>

44
Q

<p>describe Supine</p>

A

<p>the body is lying face up</p>

45
Q

<p>What are the body regions</p>

A

<p>Head
<br></br>Neck
<br></br>Trunk
<br></br>Upper Limbs
<br></br>Lower Limbs</p>

46
Q

<p>Define Superior</p>

A

<p>towards the head, or upper part of the structure</p>

47
Q

<p>Define Inferior</p>

A

<p>away from the head or lower part of the structure</p>

48
Q

<p>Define Anterior</p>

A

<p>Near to or at the front of the body</p>

49
Q

<p>Define Posterior</p>

A

<p>Near to or at the back of the body</p>

50
Q

<p>Define Medial</p>

A

<p>Nearer to the midline or Midsagittal plane</p>

51
Q

<p>Define lateral</p>

A

<p>Farther from midline or midsagittal plane</p>

52
Q

<p>Define Proximal</p>

A

<p>Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
<br></br>Nearer to the point of origin or the beginning</p>

53
Q

Define Distal

A

<p>Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
<br></br>further from the point of origin or the beginning</p>

54
Q

<p>Define Superficial</p>

A

<p>toward or on the surface of the body</p>

55
Q

<p>Define deep</p>

A

<p>Away from the surface of the body</p>

56
Q

<p>What are body planes</p>

A

<p>Imaginary flat surfaces, that pass through body parts</p>

57
Q

<p>What are the four major planes</p>

A

<p>Sagittal
<br></br>Frontal
<br></br>Transverse
<br></br>Oblique</p>

58
Q

<p>Define Sagittal plane</p>

A

<p>Vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides</p>

59
Q

Define Midsagittal plane

A

when the plane passes passes through the midline of the body or organ and divides it into equal right and left side

60
Q

Define Parasagittal plane

A

divides the body or organ into unequal right and left sides

61
Q

Define Frontal Plane or coronal Plane

A

divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior

62
Q

Define Transverse plane

A

divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior

63
Q

The transverse plane may also be called

A

Cross-sectional or horizontal plane

64
Q

Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse planes are all what kind of angles to one another

A

Right

65
Q

how do oblique plane pass through the body or organ

A

at an angle

66
Q

What are body cavities

A

Spaces within the body that contains, protect, separate, and support internal organs

67
Q

The cranial cavity is formed by what

A

Cranial Bones and contains the brain

68
Q

The vertebral canal is formed by what

A

Vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

69
Q

What are the major body cavities of the trunk?

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

70
Q

What is the thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity

71
Q

The Thoracic cavity (chest cavity) contains what

A

heart
great blood vessels
lungs

72
Q

The Serous membrane of the pleural membrane is called the

A

Pleura

73
Q

Describe the diaphragm

A

is a dome shaped muscle that powers breathing

74
Q

What does the diaphragm separate

A

Thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity

75
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity extends from

A

The diaphragm to the groin

76
Q

the abdominopelvic cavity is divided into how many portions

A

two, although no wall separates them

77
Q

The upper part of the abdominopelvic cavity contains what

A 
Stomach
spleen
liver 
gallbladder 
small intestine 
most of the large intestine
78
Q

The lower part of the abdominopelvic cavity contains

A

urinary bladder
portions of the large intestine
internal organs of reproductive system

79
Q

The upper portion of the abdominopelvic is what cavity

A

abdomin

80
Q

describe the Serous membrane

A

thin slippery, double layered membrane

81
Q

How many abdominopelvic regions are there

A

9

82
Q

Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions

A 
Right hypochondriac
epigastric 
left hypochondriac 
right lumbar 
umbilical 
left lumbar 
right inguinal 
hypogastric 
left inguinal

IDC Stuff (67 decks)

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