History 2

Question 1

Charcot

Answer 1

Approved the clinical anatomical method and the idea emerges tthat language could be regarded as a set of functions

Question 2

Wernicke

Answer 2

Claimed a separate centre for recognition of word pictures: comprehension. Believing the brain was an instrument that converted sensory stimuli into motor reactions.

Question 3

Locke

Answer 3

Empiricist, believed in the blank slate view (nothing is innate)

Question 4

Hughlings Jackson

Answer 4

Fist who said that leasion in an area should not be confused with place of function, more with specific deficit.

Question 5

Holism

Answer 5

Critical of localisation idea. Monakow believed in coherence of NS. Problem with afasia. Goldstein: abstract attitude, healthy functioning is essential to reflect on the stimuli. Later they got called The diagram makers and got cancelled

Question 6

Luria

Answer 6

2nd world war, all the lesions brought a lot of neuro knowledge. Researched all the mentioned theories and saw the brain as one, complex functional system that develop during development with nature and nuture. Flexible and adaptive.

Question 7

Three classifications of Luria

Answer 7

• Three continually interacting functional units, related to the sub cortical, posterior and anterior brain areas (activation, input and output respectively)
• Three hierarchically organised levels of processing, related to primary, secondary and tertiary zones in the brain
• Behaviour that is or is not regulated by language processes, related to the left and right hemisphere, respectively

Question 8

Three units

Answer 8

1. Alertness and attention: Brainstem, diencephalon and medial cerebrum
2. Cognitive info processing: central fissure, posterior areas of the lateral cortex
3. Organisation of behaviour: Motor, premotor and prefrontal cortex
   Believed inner speech regulating all functions, belief in dominance of left hemisphere

Question 9

Test battery

Answer 9

Franz (perception memory and language) and Halstead (effect on intelligence though tests) focused on brain injuries and developed the Halstead-Reitan neurpsychological testbettary

Question 10

Geschwind

Answer 10

Worked with work of Wernicke, looked for double dissociation

Question 11

Sperry

Answer 11

Split brain surgery for severe epilepsy. Let to left brain dominance to transform the left specialisation and discovery of new research method to investigate localisation of function

Question 12

Benton

Answer 12

Worked with aphasia and cognitive disorders, developed neuropsychological tests. Aphasionpatients (language)

Question 13

Modules

Answer 13

Innate ability to acquire language without awareness or control (Fodor)

• Can only process certain info (it’s domain specific)
• Is innate (has innateness)
• Carries out its work regardless of what other precesses are occurring (encapsulated)
• Computationally autonomous and has its own neural architecture. (fixed neural architecture) Module does not share attention capacity, memory process of other things with other modules

Question 14

Boxology

Answer 14

Sub-processes in the form of boxes are connected by lines/arrows. Trying to test how the processes take place to be able to predict response.

Question 15

Agnosia

Answer 15

Stoornis in het herkennen van objecten. Warrington. Model voor objectherkenning. Serial processingPDP and neural networks