1.14 + 1.15 Microscopy + Detecting Proteins using Antibodies Flashcards
Bright field microscopy can be used to examine whole ___, parts of ____, dissected ___, or individual ___.
organisms, organisms, tissue, cells
Samples are often ___ to increase contrast.
dyed
Fluorescence microscopy uses specific fluorescent ___ which allows molecules or structures to be ___ upon binding.
A ___ microscope is used.
labels, visualised.
fluorescence
What is the name of the technique that is used to study specific proteins?
Immunoassay
Immunoassay techniques use stocks of antibodies with the same ___, known as ___ antibodies.
Each antibody is specific to the same protein ___, and is also linked to a chemical ‘___’.
specificity, monoclonal.
antigen, ‘label’
Chemical ‘labels’ are often a ___ ___, which produces a ___ change.
reporter enzyme, colour
Name the two other types of reporters that can be used.
Chemiluminescence, fluorescence
The assay (aka procedure) can be used to test for antigens, using ___.
However, the assay typically uses a___ to test for ___.
antibodies.
antibodies, proteins.
Antigen: virus etc
Antibody: can be produced in lab or by body to combat virus etc
Western Protein Blotting uses specific a___ to test for proteins, after which procedure?
The proteins that have been separated are ___ (or ‘___’) from the gel onto a solid ___.
antibodies, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.
transferred (or ‘blotted’), backing
The proteins can then be identified using specific ___ with reporter ___ attached.
antibodies, enzymes
Explain why it is important to control pH in immunoassays. (2)
pH affects the solubility/structure of proteins
OR
pH would affect interactions between R groups (1)
(a protein with changed structure) will have reduced affinity for/binding to antigens/substrate (1)
