2.5 e) + f) Immune Invasion + Challenges in Treatment and Control Flashcards
e)
Parasites have evolved ways of evading the ___ ___.
immune system
Endoparasites mimic host ___ to evade detection, and modify the host ___ ___ to increase survival chances.
antigens, immune response
*they mimic host antigens (which do exist)
Antigenic ___ in some parasites allows them to change between different ___ when infecting a host.
variation, antigens
Antigenic variation may also allow for ____ of the same host with a new ___.
re-infection, variant
What two things does antigenic variation allow for?
changing between different antigens when infecting a host (its smart because the host will need to create new antibodies)
re-infection of the same host with a new variant of parasite - re-infection without antigenic variation would be stunted by the enhanced antibody production of the host thanks to memory lymphocytes
Some viruses escape immune surveillance by ___ their ___ into host ___, existing in an in___ state known as ___.
integrating, genome, genomes, inactive, latency
A virus will exit latency when…
conditions are favourable
How does a virus enter latency?
it integrates its genome with the host’s genome, and becomes inactive, waiting for favourable conditions
f)
What is epidemiology?
the study of the outbreak and spread of infectious disease
Epidemiology is the study of the ___ and ___ of infectious disease.
outbreak and spread
What is herd immunity?
the protection offered to susceptible individuals by resistant individuals
Herd immunity is the ___ offered to ___ individuals, by ___ individuals.
protection, susceptible, resistant
What is the herd immunity threshold?
the density of resistant hosts required to prevent an epidemic
The herd immunity threshold is the ___ of resistant hosts required to prevent an ___.
density, epidemic
The ___ between host and parasite ___ make it difficult to find ___ that only target the ___.
similarities, metabolism, drugs, parasite