Histopathology 18: Neuro-oncology Flashcards
List 4 genetic syndromes responsible for primary CNS tumours ?
Neurofibromatosis 1 Neurofibromatosis 2 Tuberous Sclerosis 1 Tuberous Sclerosis 2 Turbot’s syndrome
Outline the WHO grading of CNS tumours ?
Grade 1 : Benign, long-term survival
Grade 2 : causes death in > 5 years
Grade 3 : causes death in < 5 years
Grade 4 : causes death in < 1 year
What type of tumours are the most common primary CNS tumours ?
Diffuse Gliomas
Give 2 examples of Glial tumours in adults ?
Astrocytoma
Oligodendrogliomas
What’s the most common glial tumour in children ?
Pilocytic astrocytoma
What are the typical histological features of Pilocytic Astrocytomas ?
Piloid (hairy) cells
Rosenthal fibres
Which tumours do astrocytomas turn into after about 5-7 years ?
Glioblastomas
It is a Grade 4 astrocytoma
What mutation is most commonly seen in astrocytomas ?
IDH2
Describe a typical feature of oligodendroglioma on histology ?
Fried eggs- Round cells with clear cytoplasm
Which genetic syndrome is associated with meningiomas ?
Neurofibromatosis 2
Where are medulloblastomas always found ?
The cerebellum
List some symptoms of medulloblastoma ?
ICP symptoms- morning headaches, nause and vomiting, blurry vision
Loss of balance and coordination
Abnormal eye movements
List 3 typical features of medulloblastoma on histology ?
Small blue round cells
Wright rosettes
Neuronal marker Synaptophysin positive
Where are metastatic brain tumours most commonly found ?
The grey-white junction (where grey and white matter meet)
A ventricular tumour presenting with hydrocephalus.
Most likely diagnosis ?
Ependymoma
