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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 main functions of the skeleton

A
  1. shape and support
  2. movement
  3. protection
  4. blood production
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2
Q

what allows movement in the body

A

muscles contract, bones move, moment occurs

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3
Q

types of bones

A

short bones
long bones
irregular bones
flat bones

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4
Q

functions of long bones

A
  • large movements
  • supports large muscles
  • generate speed and strength
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5
Q

functions of short bones

A
  • stability
  • support
  • shock absorption
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6
Q

functions of flat bones

A
  • protect vital organs
  • large surface
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7
Q

functions of irregular bones

A
  • protection and support
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8
Q

examples of long bones

A
  • humerus
  • femur
  • clavicle
  • radius
  • ulna
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • phalanges
  • metacarpals
  • metatarsals
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9
Q

examples of short bones

A
  • talus
  • tarsals
  • carpals
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10
Q

examples of flat bones

A
  • scapula
  • pelvis
  • cranium
  • ribs
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11
Q

examples of irregular bones

A
  • vertebra
  • patella
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12
Q

what is a joint

A

where two or more bones meet that allows us to move

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13
Q

fibrous joint

A

immovable joint held together by fibrous
eg. cranium

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14
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

slightly moveable joints
bones use cartilage as padding. no joint cavity
eg. ribs

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15
Q

synovial joints

A

freely moveable joints allowing a large amount of movement

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16
Q

ligament

A

hold bones together and prevent dislocation

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17
Q

cartilage

A

covers the head of bones and joint socket. layer of protection that ensures less friction

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18
Q

synovial membrane

A

protective barrier for synovial fluid

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19
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricates the joint for friction-free movement

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20
Q

joint capsule

A

structure that surrounds and protects the joint

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21
Q

tendon

A

band of fibrous tissue, connecting muscle to bone. enables joint to withstand tension

22
Q

hinge joint

A
  • movement in only one direction
  • opens until straight
  • limited movement
    eg. elbow, knee
23
Q

ball and socket joint

A
  • freely moveable in all directions
  • ligaments are used to keep the joint stable and prevent dislocation
    eg. hip, shoulder
24
Q

flexion

A

reducing the angle at the joint: bending knee or elbow

25
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle at joint: straightening knee or elbow

26
Q

abduction

A

sideways movement away from the centre of the body: taking one leg away from the other

27
Q

addiction

A

sideways movement towards the centre of the body: bringing one leg towards the other

28
Q

rotation

A

joint moves in a circular motion, with no angle change

29
Q

circumduction

A

when the end of a bone moves in a circle

30
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement in the ANKLE that points the foot away from the leg

31
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement in the ANKLE where toes are brought closer to the skin

32
Q

function of muscle

A

a band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract, producing movement in the body

33
Q

voluntary muscle

A

under your control (e.g skeleton)

34
Q

function of trapezius

A

holds and rotates shoulders. moves head back and sideways

35
Q

function of deltoids

A

raises each arm forwards, backwards and sideways at the shoulder

36
Q

function of pectorals

A

moves the arm at the shoulder through adduction

37
Q

function of biceps

A

bends arm at the elbow

38
Q

function of triceps

A

straightens arm at the elbow

39
Q

function of latissimus dorsi (lats)

A

pulls arm down at the shoulder. draws it behind your back

40
Q

function of abdominals

A

flexes your spine to bend forwards

41
Q

hip flexors

A

supports movement of the leg and knee upwards

42
Q

function of gluteals

A

pulls leg back at the hip, raises it sideways at the hip

43
Q

function of quadriceps

A

straightens the leg at the knee, keeps leg straight to stand up

44
Q

function of hamstrings

A

bends the leg at the knee

45
Q

function of gastrocnemius

A

straightens the ankle joint to stand on your tip toes

46
Q

function of tibialis anterior

A

helps with dorsiflextion

47
Q

function of tendon

A

tough band of fibrous tissue that anchors muscles to a bone and allows movement to happen

48
Q

define the origin

A

where a muscle joins a stationary bone

49
Q

define insertion

A

where a muscle joins a moving bone

50
Q

define the agonist

A

the muscle that contracts to create movement

51
Q

define the antagonist

A

the muscle that relaxes during movement

52
Q

define isotonic contraction

A

where muscles change lengths as they contract

pe (7 decks)

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