chapter 4

Question 1

equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 1

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 2

equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

glucose -> lactic acid

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

important fuel source that comes from the digestion of carbohydrates

Question 4

glycogen

Answer 4

excess glucose stored in the muscles and liver

Question 5

aerobic respiration

Answer 5

produces energy for long periods of time, slowly e.g marathon running

Question 6

anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

produces energy very quickly to meet demands of high-intensity exercise, produces lactic acid e.g sprinting

Question 7

oxygen debt

Answer 7

temporary oxygen shortage in body tissues as a result of exercise

Question 8

excess post exercise oxygen consumption

Answer 8

taking in extra oxygen to remove lactic acid from anaerobic respiration

Question 9

lactic acid removal equation

Answer 9

lactic acid + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + glucose

Question 10

factors affecting recover time

Answer 10

age, sleep, level of aerobic fitness

Question 11

recovery methods

Answer 11

massage therapy, hot and cold contrast therapy

Question 12

short term effects of exercise

Answer 12

nausea, temperature increase, reddened skin, sweating, fatigue

Question 13

breathing rate increase

Answer 13

enables more oxygen to enter the blood stream via the lungs

tidal volume increases, greater minute ventilation

Question 14

temperature increase

Answer 14

due to muscular contraction and respiration

Question 15

reddening of skin

Answer 15

blood vessels close to the skin become enlarged, to control temperature
allows heat to be lost through ventilation

Question 16

sweating

Answer 16

controls body temperature, evaporates from the skin and removes body heat

Question 17

fatigue

Answer 17

occurs when the body begins to run out of glucose

Question 18

nausea (negative effect)

Answer 18

result of digestion slowing down, dehydration

Question 19

light-headedness (negative effect)

Answer 19

blood pressure drops, affecting blood flor to the brain

Question 20

long term effects of exercise

Answer 20

increased heart size, kisser resting heart rate, increased stroke volume, greater tolerance of lactic acid

Question 21

cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 21

stresses the heart, causing muscular walls to be thicker and chambers increase in size

Question 22

increased resting heart rate

Answer 22

heart is capable of ejecting more blood, so it doesn’t need to beat as quickly

Question 23

lactic acid tolerance increase

Answer 23

anaerobic training methods force athletes to produce lots of lactic acid, so they become more tolerant to it