chapter 5

Question 1

neural adaptations with anaerobic exercise

Answer 1

first to occur
increase in agonist muscle recruitment
a reduction in inhibitory mechanisms(GTO)

Question 2

central adaptations with anaerobic exercise

Answer 2

increases when new exercises are being learned

most takes place in spinal cord

Question 3

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise fiber size, myofibrillar volume, cytoplasmic density, myosin heavy-chain protein

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise mitochondrial density

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise creatine phosphokinase, myokinase, phosphofructolkinase, sodium-potassium ATPase

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise stored ATP, Creatine phosphate, glycogen

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise ligament, tendon, collagen and bone density strength

Answer 7

may increase

Question 8

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise body %body fat

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

physiological adaptations with anaerobic resistance exercise fat-free mass

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

maximal strength and power increases of agonist muscles result from?

Answer 10

increase in recruitment, rate of firing, synchronization of firind

Question 11

motor units are recruited in what order?

Answer 11

according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates (size principle)

Question 12

the size principle might not exist in ? becasue?

Answer 12

elite athletes, body learns to recruit more effectinly

Question 13

the role of increasing firing rate (vs. recruitment) appears to be dependent on ?

Answer 13

muscle size

Question 14

smaller muscles rely on?

large muscles rely on?

Answer 14

small muscles: increased firing rate to enhance force production
large muscles: recruitment

Question 15

anaerobic training can ? firing rates of recruited motor units

Answer 15

enhance

Question 16

neuromuscular junction

Answer 16

interface between the nerve and skeletal muscle

Question 17

cross-educatio

Answer 17

training only one lim can result in an increase in strength in the untrained limb

Question 18

bilateral deficit

Answer 18

the force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally

Question 19

sequence of protein synthesis involves

Answer 19

1. water uptake
2. noncontractile proteins
3. contractile protein synthesis

Question 20

muscle hypertrophy takes longer than ? workouts

Answer 20

16

Question 21

hyperplasia

Answer 21

an increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber splitting as a response to high intensity resisitance training

Question 22

what fiber type increases with resistance training

Answer 22

both, type II increase more

Question 23

type IIx fiber type will change to type IIa because?

Answer 23

they change their ATPase becuase they are activated so much

Question 24

factors of strength trained athletes

Answer 24

increased angle of pennation which can accommodate greater protein deposition that allows greater increases in CSA.
greater fascicle length

Question 25

anaerobic exercise can result in what to muscle and blood pH?

Answer 25

substantial reducations

Question 26

how to increase buffering capacity

Answer 26

HIIT above lactate threshold

Question 27

minimal essential strain

Answer 27

the threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation

Question 28

components of mechanical load that stimulate bone growth

Answer 28

magnituve of the load (intensity) rate (speed) direction of the forces reps

Question 29

how to stimulate bone growth

Answer 29

use exercises that directly load particular regions of the skeleton structural exercises overload vary exercise selection

Question 30

changes in tendon with anaerobic exercise

Answer 30

increase in collagen fibril more covalent cross-links more collagen and greater density of collagen

Question 31

how to stimulate connective tissue adaptations for tendons ligaments and fascia

Answer 31

high intensity loading

Question 32

how to stimulate connective tissue adaptations for cartilage

Answer 32

weight-bearing forces through complete range of motion, moderate aerobic exercise

Question 33

acute anabolic hormonal responses to anaerorobic training

Answer 33

elevated levels of hormones such as test, growth, cortisol, catecholamines

Question 34

chronic changes in the the acute hormonal response to anaerobic exercies

Answer 34

the acute hormonal response may improve

Question 35

chronic changes in resting hormonal concentrations with anaerobic exercises

Answer 35

not very much change

Question 36

hormone receptor changes with anaerobic exercises

Answer 36

AR(androgen receptor) interacts with test, resistance training can upregulate AR

Question 37

acute anaerobic exercise cardiovasculare and respiratory responses

Answer 37

increased cardian output, stroke volume, heart rate, oxygen uptake, systolic blood pressure and blood flow to active muscles

Question 38

chronic cardiovascular adaptations to anaerobic exercise

Answer 38

no change in resting HR | systolic and deastolic blood pressure decreased