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biomed > 1.1.5 pre-quiz > Flashcards

1.1.5 pre-quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Charge of DNA molecule

A

Negatively charged

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2
Q

The four building blocks of DNA are …

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

Nucleotides must have 3 components

A

Phosphate group, 1 deoxyribose molecule, and 1 nitrogenous base

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4
Q

Phosphate group molecular structure

A

4 oxygen atoms, 1 phosphorous atom

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5
Q

Shape of DNA strand

A

Double helix

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6
Q

Four bases acronym

A

ATGC

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7
Q

Adenine pairs with …

A

Thymine

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8
Q

Cytosine pairs with …

A

Guanine

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9
Q

Thymine pairs with …

A

Adenine

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10
Q

Guanine pairs with …

A

Cytosine

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11
Q

If it has 2 rings, it is a …

A

Purine

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12
Q

If it has 1 ring, it is a …

A

Pyrimidine

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13
Q

Which types (2) of nitrogenous bases always pair?

A

Purines and pyrimidines

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14
Q

Why do purines & pyrimidines pair?

A

Molecular structure of purines lets them make hydrogen bonds with pyrimidines.

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15
Q

What makes up the double helix backbone?

A

Phosphate groups and deoxyribose

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16
Q

What makes up the double helix’s rungs?

A

Base pairs

17
Q

How is DNA extracted from agarose gel (process name)?

A

Elution

18
Q

What is the purpose of buffer solution?

A

Helps electricity flow through the gel

19
Q

What if the scientist left the gel electrophoresis chamber on too long?

A

The samples would be at the end of the gel (the positive electrode) or out of the gel and in the buffer solution.

20
Q

Steps of gel electrophoresis

A

1) Samples of DNA are placed into wells of agarose gel with ethidium bromide using a micropipette.
2) They place the gel inside buffer solution into a gel electrophoresis chamber.
3) They hook the box up to a power supply so electricity goes through the buffer solution.
4) DNA starts to move towards the positive electrode of the electrophoresis chamber.
5) The gel is removed. The fragments have formed bands on the gel that can be seen with UV light.

21
Q

Organelles

A

Small structures that perform a function in the cell

22
Q

Have distinct nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic cell

23
Q

Don’t have membrane-bound organelles (only bacteria)

A

Prokaryotic cell

24
Q

DNA is stored in the __ of bacteria

A

Nucleoid

25
Q

Chromosome

A

Tightly coiled packages of DNA

26
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a healthy human cell?

A

46 in body cells and 23 in gametes

27
Q

Histones

A

Proteins that DNA strands wind around to form chromosomes

28
Q

DNA cannot be extracted from …

A

Red blood cells (they don’t have nuclei)

29
Q

DNA can be extracted from …

A

Bone (marrow), hair, preserved body parts, clothing/fibers, saliva, and body fluids

30
Q

What does PCR stand for?

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

31
Q

What is the purpose of PCR?

A

To make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small sample of DNA

biomed (10 decks)

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