Berlin Wall Flashcards
when was Krushchev’s ultimatum
27 nov 1958
what was Khrushchev’s ultimatum
demand western powers leave West Berlin in 6 months for demilitarised state
result of ultimatum
no change in status - America stand firm - exacerbated by U2 crisis
what was U2 crisis
USSR shot down American plane
3 reasons for Berlin Wall
kruschev ultimatum
7 yr plan
collectivisation
how did 7 year plan increase tensions
-tightebn worker discipline 1960 economy expanded too fast industrial growth rate decline sharply
how did forced collectivisation contribute
1960 second wave collectivisation - strict enforcement - 1961 rationing introduced (as farmers leave)
by July 23 1961 how many refugees a day
1000
when was Berlin Wall put up
august 1961
when did Kennedy visit Berlin
1963 ‘ I am a Berliner speech’
how many ppl killed in attempting to escape wall
86
why were East German gov put up wall
→ east germany look bad - ppl prefer capitalism to communism
→ east germany loses workers - impossible to have total control if ppl can leave
what did wall serve as reminder of
DDR failings
but what did wall offer DDR
a second chance - 1960s ‘decade of transition’
when did USA troops attempt to enter east
oct 1961
