Autoimmunity and Vaccinations Flashcards
What is Immune tolerance
Physiological response preventing T/B cell self response
- Central = Thymic tolerance
- Peripheral = Lymphoid organs
What is Autoimmunity
Pathological response against self
- Faulty Immune tolerance
- Molecular mimicry
What is affected in autoimmune T1DM
Endocrine pancreas -> b cells
What is affected in Autoimmune Multiple sclerosis
Oligodendrocytes
What is affected in Autoimmune Pernicious Anaemia
Parietal cells of stomach
What causes autoimmune Hashimotos
Anti TPO
What receptor is found in Graves
TSH-R
What autoantibodies are found in Myasthenia Gravis
Ach-R
Defect in what cells can cause immunodeficiency
T cells
- Inherited
- AIDS acquired
How does low CD4+ in HIV cause immunodeficiency
low CD4+ = Low cell mediated immunity
Increase disease susceptibility (TB, CMV Colitis, PCP, Oral candida and EBV)
In what ways can a patient be immunodeficient
Low CD4+ in HIV
Low B cells (low antibodies)
Low Neutrophil/macrophage (Low phagocytosis/inflammation)
Low complement (Low Innate bacteria killing esp.SLE)
Hyposplenism (Low RBC recycling, Low bacterial killing)
What form of immunity is Vaccinations
Artificial Active immunity
What form of organisms can be used for vaccines
GM organism (MMR) Antigens Toxins Cell wall constituents mRNA (COVID)
How do vaccines work
Trigger immune réponse to mimic natural infection without being symptomatic
1) Initial IgM antibodies made
2) IgG released if pathogen present
What is the difference between active and passive immunity
Active = Ig Produced., Memory and 2nd response Passive = Ig given to host , No memory, Primary response
