energy balance

Question 1

List 4 things energy is needed for

Answer 1

• keeping the heart beating
• keeping all organs functioning correctly
• keeping us warm
• allowing our muscles to work
• making chemical reactions happen e.g. digesting food
• allowing us to move
• providing us with energy stores

Question 2

Define energy balance

Answer 2

The relationship between the energy input and the energy we use

Question 3

What is energy measured in

Answer 3

Kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ)

Question 4

What macronutrients do our bodies prefer to obtain energy from?

Answer 4

• our body prefers to get energy from carbohydrates
• fats also supply our bodies with energy
• we can also get energy from proteins, but if it used for energy, it cannot be user for its main function which is growth and repair

Question 5

Define bmi

Answer 5

Body mass index is a measurement which compares weight to height and is used to measure obesity

Question 6

Define BMR

Answer 6

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy we need for all bodily functions

Question 7

Out of the energy we consume, what percentage of it is used for all bodily functions? (BMR)

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

Compare BMR between age groups

Answer 8

• infants and young children tend to have higher BMRs because they’re growing rapidly
• men often have a higher BMR than women
• older adults have a lower BMR because they have less muscle mass than younger people

Question 9

BMI equation

Answer 9

BMI = weight in kg / (height in metres)^2

Question 10

BMI weight ranges

Answer 10

<18.4 : underweight for your height
18.5 - 24.9 : ideal weight for your height
25 - 29.9 : over the ideal weight for your height
30 - 39.9 : obese
>40 : clinically obese

Question 11

Define PAL

Answer 11

Our physical activity is the energy used for all types of movement

Question 12

Define a calorie

Answer 12

A unit of energy that is used to give the energy yield of foods and the energy expenditure of the body

Question 13

Amount of energy obtained from 1g carbohydrate

Answer 13

3.75kcal / 16kJ

Question 14

Amount of energy obtained from 1g fat

Answer 14

9kcal / 37kJ

Question 15

Amount of energy obtained from 1g protein

Answer 15

4kcal / 17kJ

Question 16

Interpret a PAL value of 1.4

Answer 16

Low levels of physical activity at work and/or during leisure time

Question 17

Interpret a PAL value of 1.6 for women and 1.7 for men

Answer 17

Represents a moderate-intensity activity

Question 18

Interpret a PAL value of 1.8 for women and 1.9 for men

Answer 18

Represents a high level of physical activity

Question 19

Percentages of macronutrients that should make up our diet

Answer 19

• 50% carbs with a maximum 11% energy from free sugar
• 35% or less from fat
• 15% protein

Question 20

Why do males need more energy than females

Answer 20

Because they are usually larger and have more muscles

Question 21

As people get older the amount of energy they need _

Answer 21

Reduces

Question 22

Negative energy balance

Answer 22

.

Question 23

Positive energy balance

Answer 23

.

Question 24

Neutral energy balance

Answer 24

.

Question 25

Explain energy for a lean body

Answer 25

If you have a lean body, it is metabolically more active. People who have a leaner body are more likely to burn off excess energy than those who have a heavier body