carbohydrates

Question 1

what are carbohydrates

Answer 1

important macronutrients formed from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

two types of carbohydrate

Answer 2

• simple (sugar)
• complex

Question 3

functions of carbohydrates in the diet

Answer 3

• provide the body with energy for physical activity
• provide the body with energy to maintain bodily functions
• provide dietary fibre/NSP to help digestion
• sugars also sweeten and flavour foods

Question 4

what are sugars

Answer 4

the simple units all carbohydrates are made from

Question 5

what are monosaccharides - advantage

Answer 5

they’re simple sugars - the simpler the carbohydrate, the more quickly it can be absorbed in the body and the faster energy can be provided

Question 6

list the monosaccharides

Answer 6

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 7

what is glucose used in

Answer 7

although found in some fruits and vegetables, it is often used by athletes in tablet or powder form to provide a fast energy boost

Question 8

what is fructose used in

Answer 8

• it is found naturally in the juices of some fruits and plants, but mainly in honey
• as it is the sweetest of all sugars, manufacturers can use a low amount but still provide the same level of sweetness as sucrose

Question 9

what is galactose used in

Answer 9

it is formed during digestion of lactose

Question 10

what are disaccharides

Answer 10

double sugars made up of two monosaccharides

Question 11

list the disaccharides

Answer 11

lactose, maltose and sucrose

Question 12

what is lactose used in

Answer 12

found in milk, which is thought to give milk its slightly sweet taste

Question 13

what is maltose used in

Answer 13

it results from the fermentation of cereal grains

Question 14

what is sucrose used in

Answer 14

sucrose AKA sugar
- provides the body with energy but has no other benefits in the diet as it contains no other nutrients
- comes from sugar beet or sugar cane
- we buy it as granulated/brown/caster/icing/sugar syrup sugars and treacle

Question 15

lactose equation

Answer 15

glucose + galactose

Question 16

maltose equation

Answer 16

glucose + glucose

Question 17

sucrose equation

Answer 17

glucose + fructose

Question 18

non-free sugar definition

Answer 18

sugar found naturally in the cells of fruits and vegetables

Question 19

free sugar definition

Answer 19

sugar that you can see, such as cane sugar, syrup and those added to cakes, biscuits, desserts and sweets

Question 20

what are the most common problems relating to sucrose

Answer 20

obesity, tooth decay and type 2 diabetes

Question 21

why are non-free sugars less harmful

Answer 21

they are less likely to lead to tooth decay and are easier for the body to absorb

Question 22

define polysaccharides

Answer 22

complex carbohydrates formed from hundreds of glucose molecules strung together - they provide the body with energy

Question 23

why does starchy provide a feeling of fullness

Answer 23

starches take longer than sugars for the body to digest, so provide a feeling of satiety for longer, helping to avoid overeating and obesity

Question 24

what does all starch come from

Answer 24

plant sources

Question 25

how much of our diet should starchy foods make up

Answer 25

about one third of our daily food

Question 26

functions of starch in the diet

Answer 26

• starch is broken down slowly into simple sugars by the digestive system to provide energy
• adds bulk to our diet
• promotes a feeling of satiety
• excess is converted to fat