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Clinical Functional Anatomy > The Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What color does air and bone appear on x-rays?

A

air (black) and bone (white)

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2
Q

The sternal angle separates the the mediastinum _______ to ________ mediastinum

A

superior and inferior

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3
Q

The phrenic nerve, superior vena cava, and pulmonary aa. vv. and trunk are contents of _______

A

a) . superior mediastinum
b) . inferior middle mediastinum
c) . inferior anterior mediastinum
d. inferior posterior mediastinum

b.

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4
Q

The contents belong to what subdivision of the mediastinum:

descending aorta 
esophagus and nerve plexus 
azygos system of veins 
thoracic duct 
sympathetic

DEATS

A

inferior posterior

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5
Q

The pericardial sac consists of three layers which are____________ (superficial to deep)

A

Fibrous
Partial layer
Visceral layer

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6
Q

Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal layer of serous pericardium

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7
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called ________

A

epicardiam

adheres to heart

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8
Q

Narrow space between the parietal and visceral layers

A

pericardial cavity
-Contains a small amount of fluid
-allows for relatively uninhibited movement of the heart
pericardial cavity

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9
Q

Fibrous pericardium attaches to the

A

central tendon of the diaphragm, posterior sternum, and posterior mediastinum

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and the fibrous pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

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11
Q

A rapid accumulation of excess fluid is called ______ which can lead to _____ compression of the heart, resulting in heart failure.

A

pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade

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12
Q

Middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction

A

myocardium

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13
Q

Internal layer of the heart, lines the lumen of the 4 chambers, lines the cusps valves

A

endocardium

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14
Q

The inferolateral part of the left ventricle is the _______ of the heart

remains motionless throughout cardiac cycles

A

apex

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15
Q

Where is the base of the heart mostly located?

A

left atrium
posterior aspect of the heart (opposite apex)
contacts the esophagus

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16
Q

muscular pouch
projects from the right atrium
increases the capacity of the atrium as it overlaps the aorta

“add on on room”

A

Right Auricle

Right atrial appendage

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17
Q

What rough muscle can be found on the internal surface of the auricle? Also found in both left and right atrium.

A

Pectinate muscles

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18
Q

Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part

A

Crista terminalis

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19
Q

Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part

A

Crista terminalis

20
Q

What are the 4 veins that deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?

A

SVC, IVC, Anterior Cardiac Veins, Coronary Sinus

21
Q

Allowed blood entering the right atrium to pass to the left side of the heart
bypass the lungs
allowed blood to pass because the placenta is responsible for gas exchange in utero

A

Fossa ovalis

after birth the foramen ovale closes and the name changes to fossa ovalis

22
Q

Opens during diastole (ventricular relaxation)
blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Closes during systole (ventricular contraction)
Preventing the retrograde (backward) return of blood from the ventricle to atrium

A

Tricuspid valve

23
Q

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

24
Q

Name the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

25
Q

Oxygenate blood from the lungs returns through the 4 pulmonary veins to drain into which chamber

A

the left atrium

26
Q

fibrous cords

connect the free edges of the cusps of the Av valves to the papillary muscles

A

Chordae tendineae

27
Q

_________ and chordae tendinae keep the AV valves from prolapsing backward into the atria when closing systolic contraction of ventricles

elevations of ventricular myocardium
attach the AV valve leaflets vis chordae tendinae

A

papillary muscles

28
Q

Papillary muscles are specialized _________

projecting ridges of the myocardium

A

trabeculae carneae

29
Q

Which valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

30
Q

What are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary arteries

31
Q

Which of the following chambers of the heart include:

left auricle, pectinate muscles, mitral valve, and valve of foramen ovale

A

Left atrium

32
Q

The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle T or F?

A

True

33
Q

What is it called when the ventricles relax and allow the ventricles to fill with blood?

A

Diastole

34
Q

What is it called when the ventricles contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries?

A

Systole

35
Q

Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal border?

A

aortic semilunar valve

36
Q

Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal border?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

37
Q

Which valve is located at the 4th and 5th intercostal space of the left sternal border?

A

tricupsid valve

38
Q

Which valve is located at the 5th intercostal space at the at the midclavicular line?

A

mitral/bicupsid valve

39
Q

Supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium and other tissues of the heart

Drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and other tissues of the heart

A

Coronary arteries;

Cardiac Veins

40
Q

Originates from the right aortic sinus
Travels in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle

Branches: 
SA nodal branch 
Acute marginal (right marginal branch) 
AV nodal branch 
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
A

right coronary artery

41
Q

Which heart chambers have pectinate muscles fibers?

A

The right and left atrium

42
Q

Apex of the heart is in which intercostal space?

A

Left 5th intercostal space

43
Q

Patient has C3 disc herniation which of the following structures will NOT be compromised?

A

a) . fibrous pericardium
b) . splenius cervicis
c) . diaphragm
d) . supraspinatus

44
Q

The patient suffered L ventricle heart attack which resulted in the posterior papillary muscle being nonfunctional. Which of the following functions of this heart will be compromised?

A

Insufficient systemic blood circulation (is the path of blood from the L ventricle to the body and back to the heart)

45
Q

Patient has esophageal hiatal herniation. Which cardiac chamber will be directly affected?

A

L atrium (base of the heart)

46
Q

Patients suffering blood insufficiency of SA node can be caused by malfunction of which of the following valves?

A

aortic semilunar valve

47
Q

The correct order or intrinsic cardiac conduction system and action potential succession during one heartbeat.

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, L/R bundle, Purkinje Fibers

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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