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Clinical Functional Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Most cranial nerves originate from the ________, except CN ______

A

Brainstem;

CN I: olfactory n
CN II: optic n
CN XI: spinal accessory n

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2
Q

Name the cranial nerves:

A 
CN I: Olfactory
CN II: Optic 
CN III: Oculomotor 
CN IV: Trochlear 
CN V: Trigeminal 
CN VI: Abducens 
CN VII: Facial 
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear 
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal 
CN X: Vagus 
CN XI: Accessory 
CN XII Hypoglossal
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3
Q

Which of the following nerves have both sensory and motor

A

CN V: Trigeminal N.
CN VII: Facial N.
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal N.
CN X: Vagus N.

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4
Q

CN I: Olfactory

Nerve function:

A

special sensory- smell

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5
Q

What cranial fossa is the Olfactory Nerve located?

A

Anterior Cranial Fossa

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6
Q

What nerve arise from receptors in the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory Nerve

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7
Q

Location of olfactory nerve cell bodies:

A

olfactory epithelium

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8
Q

What is the anomisa deficit?

A

loss of smell

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9
Q

What nerve is located on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

Olfactory

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10
Q

CN II: Optic
Function:
Location of Cell Bodies and N:
Deficit:

A

Special Sensory: Vision

Location: Cell Body: retinal ganglia (not the brainstem); Nerve: superior to the midbrain

Deficit: Visual defects

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11
Q

What cranial fossa is the optic nerve located in?

A

Middle cranial nerve

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12
Q

Extraocular muscles attach to the ______

A

sclera

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13
Q

Movement of superior rectus:

A

Elevation: Up and In

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14
Q

Movement of the inferior rectus:

A

depression: down and in

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15
Q

movement of the medial rectus:

A

adduction (to the midline)

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16
Q

movement of the inferior oblique

A

Elevation: Up and Out

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17
Q

movement of the lateral rectus:

A

abduction

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18
Q

Movement of the superior oblique:

A

Depression: down and out

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19
Q

What is LR6 SO4 AO3?

A

Lateral rectus CN VI: Abducens
Superior occipital CN IV: Trochlear
All other muscles CN III: Oculomotor

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20
Q

Muscles & Functions of CNIII: Oculomotor

A

Eye muscles (4 extraocular + levator palpebrae superioris)

Spincher Pupillae Muscle: pupil constriction (parasympathetic)

Ciliary Muscle: lens accommodation for near vision (focus) (parasympathetic)

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21
Q

CN III: Oculomotor:

-Location of nerve cell bodies and nerve

A

Midbrain

Between midbrain and pons

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22
Q

Deficit of Oculomotor N.

A 
Ptosis (superior eyelid drooping) 
Lateral Strabismus (eye down and out)
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23
Q

Ptosis (superior eyelid drooping) is caused by paralysis of ______ muscle

A

levator palpebrae superioris

24
Q

The CN III: Oculomotor N. exits what foramen?

A

superior orbital fissure

25
Q

Which is the following CNs is the only CN that exits from the posterior (dorsal) surface of the brainstem?

A

CN IV: Trochlear nerve

26
Q

CN IV: Trochlear N

  • Function:
  • Location of Nerve Bodies & Nerve
  • Deficit
A

Motor
posterior midbrain
laterally between the cerebrum and the pons
Superior oblique (SO) weakness or paralysis,
-Diplopia (double vision) when looking down

27
Q

What sinus does the CN IV: Trochlear N. travel through?

A

Cavernous sinus

28
Q

What foramina does the CN IV: Trochlear N. travel through?

A

superior orbital fissure

29
Q

CN V: Trigeminal N. (B S&M)

-Function

A

Skin sensation, maxilla, mandible
Sensation for the face, dura, mucosa of the eye, orbital contents, sinuses, nasal cavities, nasopharynx, oral cavity, teeth, and general sensation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (V3- mandibular), part of the external ear, and external acoustic meatus

Muscle of Mastication:

  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
30
Q

Medial Pterygoid helps______ the mouth

A

open

31
Q

What are the sensory function nerves of CN V: Trigeminal

-3 divisions

A

V1: ophthalmic nerve (S) -sensory innervation for cornea

V2: maxillary nerve (S)

V3: mandibular nerve (S&M)

32
Q

CN V: Trigeminal N:

  1. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
  2. Find it:
  3. Deficits
A
  1. Trigeminal ganglion (sensory) & pons
  2. on the lateral part of pons
  3. Weakened or paralysis of the muscle of mastication (masseter and temporalis)
    • loss of sensation
    • loss of corneal reflex (sensation)
33
Q

V1 (ophthalmic) and V2 (maxillary) travel through what sinus?

A

Cavernous Sinus

34
Q

V1: Opthalamic travels through what foramina

A

superior orbital fissure

35
Q

V2: Maxillary travels through what foramina?

A

Foramen of rotumdum

36
Q

V3: Mandibular travels through what foramina?

A

foramen of ovale

37
Q

CN VI: Abducens/Abducent

  1. Function
  2. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies:
  3. Find it:
  4. Deficits:
A
  1. Eye muscle- Abducts Lateral Rectus (LR6)
  2. Pons

3 Between pons and medulla

  1. loss of ability to move eye laterally; medial strabismus(one eye cannot focus w/the other
38
Q

Which CN pierces the dura covering the clivus and then enters the orbit via a superior orbital fissure?

A

CN VI: Abducens N.

39
Q

CN VII: Facial N. (B: S&M)

1. Function:

A
  • Muscle of facial expression (+3 other muscles)
  • Taste sensation for anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Salvia production of sublingual and submandibular glands (parasympathetic
  • Tear production from lacrimal gland (parasympathetic)
  • Mucosa glands of nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and palate (parasympathetic)
40
Q

CN VII: Facial N

  1. Location
  2. Find it:
    4: Deficits:
A
  1. Pons (motor), Geniculate ganglion (sensory)
  2. Lateral to CN VI: (abducens) between the pons and medulla
  3. Loss of corneal reflex (unable to blink)
    • weekend or loss of facial movements
    • loss of taste from anterior 2/3 tongue and soft palate
41
Q

What foramina does CN VII: Facial N pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

42
Q

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

  1. Function:
  2. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies:
  3. FInd it:
    4: Deficits:
A
  1. Special sensory: hearing and balance
  2. Vestibular ganglion/ spiral ganglion
  3. Lateral to CN VII (Facial N.) at the junction of the pons and medulla
  4. Tinnitus (ringing and buzzing of the ears)
    - Vertigo( dizziness, loss of balance)
    - impaired or loss of hearing
43
Q

What foramina does the CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear N. travel though

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

44
Q

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal N. (B S&M)

1. Function:

A
  1. Swallowing (stylopharyngeus) -motor
    • Taste and general sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue
    • Sensory from palatine tonsils, oropharynx, middle ear pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid air cells, carotid body, and sinus
    • Salvia production of the parotid gland (parasympathetic)
45
Q

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal N. (B S&M)

  1. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
  2. Find it:
  3. Deficits
A
  1. Medulla (motor); Sensory ganglion (sensory)
  2. Lateral to the medulla
  3. Loss of taste and general sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue
    • changes in swallowing
    • absent gag reflex (ipsilateral)
    • palate deviation (contralateral)
46
Q

What foramen does CN IX: Glossopharyngeal N. passes through?

A

jugular foramen

47
Q

CN X: Vagus N. (B S&M)

1. Function

A
  1. Swallowing, Speech
    • S & M to smooth muscles of the thorax and abdomen
    • Provides branches to the following plexus:
      • cardiac
      • pulmonary
      • esophageal
      • viscera and foregut

Parasympathetic fibers
Sensory to Larynx and Laryngopharynx
Taste from epiglottis and pharynx

48
Q

What CN gives motor function to all of the larynx

-motor of most the muscles of the: pharynx and soft palate

A

CN X: Vagus N.

Vagus: means wandering

49
Q

CN X: Vagus N

  1. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
  2. Find it:
  3. Deficits:
A
  1. Motor (medulla and nucleus ambiguus in medulla)
    - Sensory (superior and inferior ganglion)
  2. arises as a group of rootless form the lateral surface of the medulla
  3. Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
    • anesthesia to larynx (weak voice, hoarseness)
    • Dysphonia: (difficulty speaking)
    • Aphonia: (loss of voice)
    • Inspiratory stridor (high pitched inspiratory sound)
    • Heart rate abnormalities
50
Q

What foramen does CN X: Vagus N pass through?

A

jugular foramen

51
Q

CN XI: Accessory N (M)

1. Function:

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) (Head RT, Cervical FLX)

Trapezius (shoulder shrug)

52
Q

CN XI: Accessory N.

  1. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
  2. Find it:
  3. Deficits
A
  1. arises as a series of rootless from the uopper 5-6 segments of the cervical spinal cord
  2. ascending through foramen magnum; lateral to the medalla
  3. Atrophy of trapezius and weakened shrugging
    • Impaired rotary movements of the neck and chin to the opposite side due to SCM weakness
53
Q

What foramina’s does CN XI: Accessory N pass through?

A

Enters: Foramen magnum
Exits: Jugular foramen

54
Q 
CN XII: Hypoglossal N. (M) 
1. Function: 
2. Location of Nerve Cell Bodies 
3. Find it:
4 Deficits:
A
  1. Major tongue muscle
  2. arises a series of rootless from the ant. medulla
  3. anterolateral medulla
  4. when protruded the apex of the tongues deviates toward damaged nerve (ipsilateral side)
55
Q

What is the passageway of CN XII: Hypoglossal N?

A

hypoglossal canal

56
Q
  1. What cranial nerve provides taste (posterior 1/3 pharyngeal)?
  2. What cranial nerves provide general sensation (posterior 1/3 pharyngeal)?
A

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal N.

CN X: Vagus N.

57
Q
  1. What cranial nerve provides taste? (2/3 anterior oral)

2. What cranial nerve provides a general sensation (2/3 anterior oral)

A
  1. CN VII: Facial N.

2. CN V: Trigeminal N. (V3- mandibular)

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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