Ch.10 Joints

Question 1

List and descirbe the functional classification of joints Provide examples.

Answer 1

• Synarthrosis
  
  • immoveable joint
• Amphiarthrosis
  
  • sighly moveable joint
  • ex: pubic symphysis
• Diarthrosis
  
  • freely moveable joint
  • eg: knee, arm

Question 2

List the structural classificaions of joints

Answer 2

• Fibrous Joint
  
  • held together by Collagen CT
  • Ex: sutures of skull bones
• Cartilaginous Joint
  
  • held together by cartilage
  • ex: pubic symphysis
• Synovial Joint
  
  • contains synovial cavity
    
    • found btwn 2 bones of a forming joint
  • synovial fluid
    
    • located in synovial cavity
    • supplies nutrients to articular cartilage and lubes to decrease friction
  • Articular capsule
    
    • joins bones together
    • encolses synovial cavity
  • Ligament
    
    • dense irregular CT
    • Stabilizes joint with muscle of region
  • Diarthrosis joints

Question 3

Describe cartilaginous joints and provide an example

Answer 3

• held together by cartilage
• pubis symphysis

Question 4

Describe Fibrous Joints and provide an example

Answer 4

held together by Collagen CT

Ex: sutures of skull bones

Question 5

Describe a synovial joint.

Answer 5

• contains synovial cavity
  
  • found btwn 2 bones of a forming joint
• synovial fluid
  
  • located in synovial cavity
  • supplies nutrients to articular cartilage and lubes to decrease friction
• Articular capsule
  
  • joins bones together
  • encolses synovial cavity
• Ligament
  
  • dense irregular CT
  • Stabilizes joint with muscle of region
• Diarthrosis joints

Question 6

What are the angular movements at joints

Answer 6

• gliding
• flexion
• extension
• hyperextension
• abduction
• adduction
• circumduction
• rotation
• elevation
• depression

Question 7

Describe the angular joint movement gliding

Answer 7

• movement of flat bone surfaces
• side to side and back and forth
• little change in angle btwn the bones

Question 8

Describe the angular joint movement Flexion

Answer 8

• decrease in angle

Question 9

Describe the angular joint movement extension

Answer 9

• increase in angle

Question 10

Describe the angular joint movement hyperextension

Answer 10

increase in angle beyond anatomical position

Question 11

Describe the angular joint movement abduction

Answer 11

away from the midline

Question 12

Describe the angular joint movement adduction

Answer 12

towards the midline

Question 13

Describe the angular joint movement circumduction

Answer 13

flexion, abduction, extension, adduction in succession. The distal end of the body part moves in a circle

Question 14

Describe the angular joint movement rotation

Answer 14

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. In the limb it can be medial or lateral

Question 15

Describe the angular joint movement elevation

Answer 15

upward movement of body part

Question 16

Describe the angular joint movement depression

Answer 16

downward movement of a body part

Question 17

Describe synovial fluid

Answer 17

• located in synovial cavity
• supplies nutrients to articular cartilage and lubes to decrease friction

Question 18

What is the role of the articular capsule

Answer 18

• unites articulating bones
• encolses synovial cavity
• surrounds a synovial joint
• made up of 2 layers
  
  • outer fibrous membrane
  • inner synovial membrane

Question 19

Describe a ligament

Answer 19

• dense irregular CT
• Stabilizes joint with muscle of region

Question 20

What is a synovial cavity

Answer 20

found btwn 2 bones of a forming joint