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RMT Program > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • collects interstitial fluid
  • transports dietary fats
  • protects against microorganisms
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2
Q

Explain the process of interstitial fluid collection

A

collects interstitial fluid not absorbed by capillary beds and returns the fluid back to the blood
-about 15% of filtered fluid

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3
Q

Explain how transportation works in the lymph system

A

transports dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood

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4
Q

Explain how the body protects against foreign invaders

A

-protects against invasion of micro-organisms through immune responses

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5
Q

List the components of the lymphatic system

A
  • Lymph capillaries, vessels, and ducts
  • associated with lymphatic organs containing leukocytes
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6
Q

how does lymph get around the body?

A

same as the return of blood in veins. Skeletal muscles pump, respiratory pump, and pressure differences

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7
Q

List the components of interstitial fluid

A
  • dietary lipids
  • lipid soluble vits
  • lymphocytes
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8
Q

Where is lymph located

A

forms at capillary beds

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9
Q

How does lymph form at capillary beds?

A

The reabsorption rate of fluid does not quite equal the amount of fluid filtered from the blood. The excess remains as interstitial fluid and is drawn into lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

What is significant about the lymphatic capillaries within small intestine

A

takes up large lipid molecules that can’t diffuse into blood capillaries

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11
Q

What can move into lymph capillaries

A

Pathogens, which is why leukocytes are present in lymph

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12
Q

What are the 2 components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Tissues

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13
Q

List the different types of lymphatic vessels

A
  • capillaries
  • vessels
  • ducts
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14
Q

List the different types of lymphatic tissue

A
  • Thymus
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • tonsils
  • other lymphatic tissue aggregations
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15
Q

List the names of the strucutres of the lymph system

A

A. Lymph Duct

B. Lymph Node

C. Lymph Capillary

D. Lymph Vessel

E. Valve

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16
Q

Describe Lymphatic capillaries

A
  • smallest lymph vessel
  • found within capillary beds of most tissue
  • blind end vessel lymph can only travel in 1 direction
  • thin walled - simple squamous epithelium
  • flap like valves allow interstitial fluid to be pulled in but not able to backflow
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17
Q

What are lymphatic vessels

A

resemble veins in structure but have thinner walls and more valves

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18
Q

What are lymph ducts?

A

The 2 largest lymph vessels thoracic and right lymph duct

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19
Q

What is the role of the lymph ducts

A
  • collect lymph from lymph vessels and return it to the blood
  • joins up with the left and right subclavian veins
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20
Q

What is the role of the left lymph duct

A

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, left upper limb, and the entire body below the ribs

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21
Q

what is the role of the right lymph duct

A
  • drains the right side of the head, neck, chest, and arm
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22
Q

Name the lymphatic vessels and structures

A

a. right lymphatic duct
b. Lymphatic Vessel
c. thoracic duct
d. thoracic duct
e. left subclavian vein
f. right subclavian vein
g. Thymus
h. cervical node
i. intestinal node
j. inguinal node
k. axillary node
l. Spleen

23
Q

where is the thymus located?

A

posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, and superior to the heart

24
Q

what is the role of the thymus

A

site of T lymphocyte maturation

25
Q

How do T cells get to the thymus?

A

immature T cells migrate from red bone marrow to the thymus

26
Q

What occurs to the thymus as we age

A

it shrinks as T cells leave the organ

27
Q

Describe lymph nodes

A
  • kidney bean, shaped organ
  • found in groups along lymph vessels scattered throughout the body
  • enlarge when body has an infection
28
Q

What is the role of lymph nodes

A

filters lymph

29
Q

Why do lymph nodes enlage?

A

Due to an infection in the body. Occurs because lymph cells begin to multiply to counteract the pathogen.

30
Q

Where are the structure of the body with the heaviest concentations of lymph nodes

A
  • armpit
  • mamory glands
  • groin
  • intestinal area
31
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

lies between the stomach and diaphragm

32
Q

What does spleen tissue consist of?

A
  • White pulp
  • Red pulp
33
Q

Describe the role of white pulp spleen tissue

A

lymphatic tissue that carries out immune responses

34
Q

Describe the role of red pulp spleen tissue

A

performs functions related to blood cells

35
Q

What can happen if the spleen is damaged

A
  • can cause intra-abdominal bleeding
  • requires a splenectomy due to vessels being too numerous to repair
  • can still live without spleen, other organs simply carry out the spleen’s function
36
Q

Describe tonsils

A

multiple aggreations of lymphatic nodues embedded in muscous membranes of the pharynx

37
Q

What is the role of the tonsils

A
  • participates in immune response
  • protects against invasion of foreign substances entering via the mouth or nose
38
Q

List the 3 tonsil tissues in the mouth

A
  • pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • palatine
39
Q

What is another name for the immune system

A

resistance to disease

40
Q

Define resistance

A

is the ability by the body to fight off disease

41
Q

Define pathogens

A

disease producing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites

42
Q

What are the 2 categories of the immune system

A
  • nonspecific resistance or innate defense
  • specific resistance or adaptive defense
43
Q

Describe nonspecific resistance

A
  • quick, general defence mechanisms against a wide range of pathogens
  • invloves antibacterial proteins and some white blood cells
44
Q

What are the white blood cells used in non-specific resistance

A
  • macrophages
  • neutrophils
45
Q

what are some examples of non-specific defence mechanisms

A
  • thick stratified epithelium of mucous membranes
  • stomach juices with an acidic pH
  • antibacterial substances lyosome in tears and vaginal secretions
  • fever
  • inflammation
46
Q

Define fever

A

abnormally high body temp triggered by infection and inflammation

47
Q

define inflammation

A

bought on by infection or tissue damage and characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain

48
Q

How does inflammation work

A
  • damage to tissue causes the release of chemicals that make blood vessels dilate and become leaky
  • this permits more leukocytes to leave the blood and travel to the area where pathogens might enter
49
Q

Describe specific resistance

A
  • also called immunity
  • slower initial response to a specific pathogen or antigen
  • involves the activation of specific lymphocytes
  • involves T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, ad the production of antibodies
50
Q

Define antigen

A
  • large complex molecules recongnize as foreign by antigen receptors on immune cells
  • parts of bacteria, viruses, toxins, foreign tissue, cancerous cells
51
Q

Define antibodies

A
  • are produced against antigens
  • destroy the antigen by attracting phagocytic white blood cells
52
Q

Describe specific resistance memory

A
  • another feature of immunity
  • when we recieve a vaccine it takes advantage of an immune response
  • obtain a specific memory for a pathogen
  • future quick and powerful response to the pathogen before it makes a person sick
  • vaccines are key factors for increasing helathy lifespan of people
53
Q

What are some examples of vaccines

A
  • polio
  • hepatitis
  • influenza
  • yellow fever
  • measles/mumps, rubella
  • tetanus

RMT Program (18 decks)

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