Unit 3

Question 1

the function and structural unit of the kidney is ___

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

what hormone is a potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 2

angiotensin 2

Question 3

John is 26 y/o man who begins to notices a progressive enlargement of his feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bones. what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 3

acromegaly

Question 4

which organ has both endocrine and exocrine function

Answer 4

pancreas

Question 5

how does the body digest a meal high in fat content

Answer 5

bile is released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in digestion

Question 6

from the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same 4 basic layers. arrange them in order from the lumen

Answer 6

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 7

the repolarization of the ventricles is recorded as the ___

Answer 7

T wave

Question 8

blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ___

Answer 8

left atrium

Question 9

what is a function of the lymphatic system

Answer 9

transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system

Question 10

small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ___

Answer 10

lymph noes

Question 11

quadratus lumborum is innervated by ___

Answer 11

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 12

patient performs abdominal curls with left shoulder to touch right knee in hooklying. what muscles are working for this movement?

Answer 12

left external oblique and right internal oblique

Question 13

motor support for cremaster muscles is from ___

Answer 13

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 14

patient complains of constipation due to lost hindgut parasympathetic innervation. which nerve is involved?

Answer 14

pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 15

foregut sympathetic innervation is provided by ___

Answer 15

greater splanchnic nerve

Question 16

nerves supporting abdominal wall run between which layers of muscle

Answer 16

internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 17

caudate lobe of liver is ____ to the inferior vena cava

Answer 17

medial

Question 18

inferior mesenteric artery can provide blood supply to which of the following structures

Answer 18

transverse colon

Question 19

which of the following internal organs belongs to the foregut?

a. 4th part of duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. pancreas

Answer 19

pancreas

Question 20

superior gluteal artery runs between which structures?

Answer 20

lumbosacral trunk and S1 ventral ramus

Question 21

main branches on the arch of aorta include ____

Answer 21

right brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
left subclavian

Question 22

left pulmonary artery is ___ to the primary bronchus

Answer 22

superior

Question 23

what artery contains deoxygenated blood?

Answer 23

pulmonary artery

Question 24

thoracic vein drainage is mainly through

Answer 24

azygos vein

Question 25

patient has a heart attack with complete right anterior papillary muscle impaired. what area of circulation will be compromised directly?

Answer 25

pulmonary circulation

Question 26

where can you auscultate the pulmonic valve?

Answer 26

left 2nd intercostal space

Question 27

the base of the heart is mainly formed by which heart chamber?

Answer 27

left atrium

Question 28

when you breath in deeply, which of the following muscles contract to expand the lungs?

Answer 28

diaphragm
external intercostal
interchondral internal intercostal

Question 29

the curve impression around medial right lung is formed by what structure?

Answer 29

azygos vein

Question 30

what muscles are included in the levator ani

Answer 30

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 31

patient fractured sacrum with right S2 ventral ramus severed, what nerve will be compromised?

Answer 31

pudendal nerve

Question 32

greater splanchnic nerve contains what nerve roots?

Answer 32

T5-T9

Question 33

patient complains of left shoulder/neck pain and difficulty with speaking due to hoarse voice. which of the following nerves is the most likely impaired to demonstrate these symptoms?

Answer 33

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 34

patient has be diagnosed with portal hypertension due to hepatic cirrhosis, what venous anastomoses can help the blood flow back to the right atrium?

Answer 34

gastric and esophageal veins, inferior mesenteric vein and rectal veins, paraumbilical vein and superficial epigastric vein

Question 35

the stomach secretes an important protein called intrinsic factor to transport what vitamins in the digestive tract to facilitate its absorption in distal ileum

Answer 35

vitamin B12

Question 36

anterior intercostal arteries are branches from which arteries?

Answer 36

internal throacic artery

Question 37

what veins drain directly into the right atrium

Answer 37

SVC
IVC
coronary sinus
anterior cardiac vein

Question 38

what is the function of the moderator band

Answer 38

shortcut of electrical signal to anterior papillary muscle

Question 39

normal alignment of the 3 pulmonic valves in the thorax is __

Answer 39

anterior, left, right

Question 40

patient has fractured right 3rd rib anterior to the mid-axillary line with the branch of intercostal nerve severed at the inferior border of the rib. what symptoms would you expect to observe?

Answer 40

numbness along T3 spinal nerve dermatome on the right anterior thorax with compromised sweating

Question 41

patient has an infection spreading from the retropharyngeal space to the superior mediastinum. where is the possible referral shoulder pain coming from and which nerve preform the nociception (pain sensation)?

Answer 41

mediastinal parietal pleura, phrenic nerve