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01 - Nclex Board Review > Gastrointenstinal Disorders > Flashcards

Gastrointenstinal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Malformations of the face and oral cavity that seem to be multifactorial in hereditary origin? [ . . . ]

A

Cleft lip/palate

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2
Q

May not be identified until the infant has difficulty with feeding. [ . . . ]

A

Cleft palate

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3
Q

The surgery to correct this defect is usually performed at 1 year of age to minimize speech impairment for? [ . . . ]

A

Closure of palate

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4
Q

In newborn period, the nurse will assist with feeding. Also note the feed in upright position and must be fed slowly, with frequent bubbling. [ . . . ]

A

Cleft lip/palate

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5
Q

Its important promote family bonding and grieving during newborn period for which Gastrointestinal Disorders? [ . . . ]

A

Cleft lip/palate

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6
Q

The use of soft, large nipples; lamb’s nipple; prosthetic palate; or rubber-tipped Asepto syringe are used in? [ . . . ]

A

Cleft lip/palate

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7
Q

Place client on side or upright in infant seat (not prone) ? [ . . . ]

A

Cleft lip

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8
Q

RemoveoralsecretionscarefullywithbulbsyringeorYankauersuctionset? [ . . . ]

A

Cleft palate

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9
Q

In order to protect surgical site in cleft lip/palate surgery which device is applied post surgery? [ . . . ]

A

Logan bow

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10
Q

Maintaining patent airway and proper positioning is of extreme importance with these patients ? [ . . . ]

A

cleft lip/plate

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11
Q

If the cleft lip is unilateral, the nipple should be aimed at the unaffected side; the infant should be kept in what position? [ . . . ]

A

upright position during feeding

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12
Q

What’s associated with rebound pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant (McBurney’s Point)?

A

appendicitis

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13
Q

For these patients its important to position them on the right side in semi-Fowler position after feeding, along with burping frequently to avoid stomach becoming distended and putting pressure on surgical site. [ . . . ]

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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14
Q

This condition is partial to complete bowel obstruction occurs and its common for blood vessels become trapped in the telescoping bowel, causing necrosis. [ . . . ]

A

Intussusception

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15
Q

Its characterized telescoping of one part of the intestine into another part of the intestine, usually the ileum into the colon (called ileocolic). [ . . . ]

A

Intussusception

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16
Q

This nursing assessments is pathnogmonic for patients with Intussusception ? [ . . . ]

A

“Currant jelly” stools (mixed with blood and mucus)

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17
Q

In children under 1 year of age this presents with the following: acute, intermittent abdominal pain along with screaming, with legs drawn up to abdomen, vomiting, and signature sign sausage-shaped mass in upper right quadrant? [ . . . ]

A

Intussusception

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18
Q

“Currant jelly” stools (mixed with blood and mucus) along with sausage-shaped mass in upper right quadrant [ . . . ]

A

Intussusception

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19
Q

This Congenital absence of autonomic parasympathetic ganglion cells in a distal portion of the colon and rectum? [ . . . ]

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)

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20
Q

There is a lack of peristalsis in the area of the colon where the ganglion cells are absent along with fecal contents accumulate above the aganglionic area of the bowel? [ . . . ]

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)

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21
Q

Onthisconditionthecorrectionusuallyinvolvesaseriesofsurgicalprocedureswhichinvolvesatemporarycolostomyandlater,areanastomosisandclosureofthecolostomy? [ . . . ]

A

CongenitalAganglionicMegacolon(HirschsprungDisease)

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22
Q

One has to look for suspicion in newborn who fails to pass meconium within 24 hours along with distended abdomen, along with chronic constipation alternating with diarrhea is ? [ . . . ]

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)

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23
Q

Its a birth defect. This disorder is characterized by the absence of particular nerve cells (ganglions) in a segment of the bowel in an infant. The absence of ganglion cells causes the muscles in the bowels to lose their ability to move stool through the intestine (peristalsis)? [ . . . ]

A

Hirschsprung Disease

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24
Q

Describe feeding techniques for the child with cleft lip or palate? [ . . . ]

A

Lamb’s nipple, or prosthesis. Feed child upright with frequent bubbling.

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25
Q

List the signs and symptoms of esophageal atresia with TEF. [ . . . ]

A

choking, coughing, cyanosis, and excess salivation.

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26
Q

What nursing actions are initiated for the newborn with suspected esophageal atresia with TEF? [ . . . ]

A

NPO immediately and suction secretions

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27
Q

Describewhyabariumenemaisusedtotreatintussusception? [ . . . ]

A

Abariumenemareducesthetelescopingoftheintestinethroughhydrostaticpressurewithoutsurgicalintervention.

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28
Q

Describethepre-opnursingcareforachildwithHirschsprung’sdisease? [ . . . ]

A

Checkvitalsignsandtakeaxillarytemps.Providebowelcleansingprogramandteachaboutcolostomy.Observeforbowelperforation;measureabdominalgirth.

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29
Q

What care is needed for the child with a temporary colostomy? [ . . . ]

A

Family needs education about skin care and appliances. Referral to an enterostomal therapist is appropriate

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30
Q

What are the signs of anorectal malformation? [ . . . ]

A

A newborn who does not pass meconium within 24 hours, meconium appearing from a fistula or in the urine, or an unusual appearing anal dimple.

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31
Q

What are the priorities for a child undergoing abdominal surgery? [ . . . ]

A

Maintain fluid balance (I&O, NG suction, monitor electrolytes), monitor vital signs, care of drains if present, assess bowel function, prevent infection of incisional area and other post-op complications, and support child/family with appropriate teaching.

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32
Q

Its a hereditary disorder that causes damage to the lungs, digestive tract, and other organs due to a mutation in a transmembrane chloride channel. [ . . . ]

A

Cystic fibrosis

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33
Q

What is the most common form of GI cancer ? What is the third most common cancer overal in men and women? [ . . . ]

A

colorectal cancer

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34
Q

Describe in your words intussusception ? [ . . . ]

A

involution of the small intestine causing decreased perfusion to the affected area.

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35
Q

Codeine decreases [ . . . ] , resulting in constipation

A

gastric motility

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36
Q

After post operative procedure chalky, white stool is normal. its also recommended you take laxative (magnesium hydroxide) and drink lots fluids [ . . . ]

A

Barium Enema

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37
Q

describe in your words intussusception [ . . . ] .

A

involution of the small intestine causing decreased perfusion to the affected area

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38
Q

one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes [ . . . ]

A

diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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39
Q

what would prompt an evaluation for diabetes [ . . . ]

A

Fasting blood glucose of 150 mg/dL or more

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40
Q

what is the name an obstruction of the intestine due to paralysis of the intestinal muscles [ . . . ]

A

Paralytic ileus

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41
Q

this serious condition is characterized by fever, abdominal rigidity, guarding, and rebound tenderness and is a surgical emergency [ . . . ]

A

Peritonitis

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42
Q

a classic sign of intussusception is blood-streaked mucous stool, sometimes referred to as [ . . . ]

A

currant jelly-like stool

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43
Q

these are saclike protrusions or outpouchings of the intestinal mucosa of the large intestine caused by increased intraluminal pressure (chronic constipation) [ . . . ]

A

Diverticula (in diverticulitis)

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44
Q

most common area for diverticula to develop is where [ . . . ]

A

The left colon (descending, sigmoid)

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45
Q

upper limit of normal wbc count is what [ . . . ]

A

11,000/mm3 [11.0 x 109/L]

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46
Q

an acute pain usually in the left lower quadrant is associated with [ . . . ]

A

Diverticulitis

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47
Q

this medication is a synthetic prostaglandin that protects against gastric ulcers by reducing stomach acid and promoting mucus production and cell regeneration [ . . . ]

A

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

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48
Q

misoprostol is often prescribed for what purpose in GI [ . . . ] .

A

to prevent gastric ulcers in clients receiving long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy

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49
Q

this medication is used for labor induction and is classified as a pregnancy category x drug (which is the worst cat.) [ . . . ]

A

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

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50
Q

what is a marker for excessive alcohol consumption or drinking in men ? (number of drinks per week) [ . . . ]

A

15 drinks/week

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51
Q

what is a marker for excessive alcohol consumption or drinking in women? (number of drinks per week) [ . . . ]

A

8 drinks/week

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52
Q

this condition demonstrates a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer [ . . . ]

A

Barrett esophagus

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53
Q

this medication is an osmotic laxative, that decreases serum ammonia levels by causing ammonia to be excreted through stool [ . . . ]

A

Lactulose

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54
Q

the following foods: rice, corn, and potatoes are allowed in the diet and can be used as grain substitutes for which disease [ . . . ]

A

Celiac disease

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55
Q

A complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is what [ . . . ]

A

hyperglycemia

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56
Q

altered mental status and asterixis (flapping tremors of the hands) are signs and symptoms [ . . . ]

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

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57
Q

thin, ribbon-like stool is characteristic of [ . . . ]

A

Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon)

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58
Q

the classic triad symptoms of abdominal pain ^^currant jelly stools^^, sausage-shaped abdominal mass are pathognomonic for what pathology [ . . . ]

A

intussusception

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59
Q

early clinical manifestations in this pathology range from sleep disturbances to lethargy [ . . . ]

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

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60
Q

asterixis and elevated ammonia are characteristic of [ . . . ]

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

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61
Q

to prevent postoperative complications (eg, pneumonia, constipation) following inguinal hernia repair, the client should? [ . . . ]

A

reposition frequently ambulate as soon as possible practice deep breathing every 2 hours

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62
Q

in order to prevent hernia reoccurrence after surgical repair, the client is taught to avoid activities that [ . . . ]

A

increase intra-abdominal pressure (for 6-8 weeks)

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63
Q

name to activities that increase abdominal pressure [ . . . ]

A

coughing heavy lifting

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64
Q

sleep deprivation is associated with [ . . . ]

A

weight gain and obesity

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65
Q

lowering the head of the bed or placing the client in the supine position should be the first priority under what medical emergency [ . . . ]

A

acute blood loss (hemorrhage)

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66
Q

Decreased oral intake, vomiting, and diarrhea can all cause what? And what electrolyte disturbance is associated? [ . . . ]

A

Dehydration and Hyponatremia

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67
Q

When formula is diluted to “stretch the feeding” to save money what can happen in infants? [ . . . ]

A

Water intoxication (water overload) resulting in hyponatremia

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68
Q

Infants born at preterm gestation have less time in utero to accumulate what? So they are at risk of? [ . . . ]

A

Iron andAnemia

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69
Q

infants born at preterm gestation have an increased risk for what type of anemia [ . . . ]

A

iron deficiency anemia Iron supplementation (eg, oral iron drops, iron-fortified formula) is usually needed by preterm infants at an earlier age (2-3 months)

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70
Q

this position is contraindicated in the client with ascites, as it may exacerbate shortness of breath [ . . . ]

A

Trendelenburg position

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71
Q

explain in your own words how a sleeve gastrectomy works [ . . . ]

A

most of the stomach is removed, and the remaining portions are attached together, creating a sleeve or pouch

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72
Q

after bariatric surgery, the nurse should monitor the client for severe abdominal pain (especially radiating to the back/shoulders), tachycardia, restlessness, and oliguria. this indicates [ . . . ]

A

a life-threatening anastomotic leak that the nurse should immediately report to the health care provider because this leads to hemorrhage and sepsis.

73
Q

high fever, leukocytosis, and increasing abdominal pain may indicate abscess formation in what urgent condition [ . . . ]

A

acute pancreatitis

74
Q

elevated blood glucose is expected an expected finding in what condition [ . . . ]

A

acute pancreatitis

75
Q

severe burning mid-epigastric abdominal pain that radiates to the back is pathognomonic for [ . . . ]

A

acute pancreatitis

76
Q

in acute pancreatitis clients may seek relief by positioning themselves how [ . . . ]

A

knee to chest

77
Q

the complication risks of a colonoscopy are [ . . . ]

A

perforation and rectal bleeding

78
Q

perforations during diagnostic procedures can lead to [ . . . ]

A

peritonitis

79
Q

peritonitis is characterized by the following s/s [ . . . ]

A

with positive rebound tenderness guarding abdominal distension tenesmus and/or board like (rigid) abdomen

80
Q

a continual or recurrent inclination to evacuate the bowels, caused by disorder of the rectum or other illness [ . . . ]

A

tenesmus

81
Q

sulfasalazine can also cause [ . . . ]

A

a potential complication of inflammatory bowel disease

82
Q

contains sulfapyridine and aspirin (5-asa) and is used as a topical gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) [ . . . ]

A

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

83
Q

its used as a topical gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) [ . . . ]

A

Sulfasalazine

84
Q

clients experiencing diarrhea that lasts 48 hours or accompanied by fever or bloody stools should be evaluated by a [ . . . ]

A

health care provider (HCP)The HCP will need to assess for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances and identify underlying causes of the diarrhea that may require further treatment (eg, Clostridium difficile)

85
Q

a synthetic opioid used as an antidiarrheal [ . . . ]

A

Loperamide (Imodium)

86
Q

this medication can cause retention of bacteria or toxins inside the colon and make the process worse and cause toxic megacolon [ . . . ]

A

Loperamide (Imodium)

87
Q

cardinal symptoms of acute calculous cholecystitis include pain [ . . . ]

A

in the RUQ and referred pain to the right shoulder and scapula A few hours after eating fatty foods.

88
Q

initial onset of pain at the umbilicus is seen with [ . . . ]

A

acute appendicitis

89
Q

palpation over the RUQ causes pain and inability to take a deep breath is called [ . . . ]

A

Murphy’s sign

90
Q

Appendicitis presents as periumbilical pain progressing to [ . . . ]

A

the right lower quadrant

91
Q

A medication containing lipase, protease, and amylase to prevent malabsorption syndrome, the enzymes must be taken with every snack and every meal. what is their name? what condition are they used in? [ . . . ]

A

pancreatic lipase and cystic fibrosis

92
Q

a potentially fatal complication of hirschsprung disease, an inflammation of the colon, which can lead to sepsis and death is called [ . . . ]

A

Enterocolitis

93
Q

will present with fever; lethargy; explosive, foul-smelling diarrhea; and rapidly worsening abdominal distension [ . . . ]

A

Enterocolitis

94
Q

infants can begin eating solid foods at age [ . . . ]

A

4-6 months

95
Q

parents should introduce each new food separately and wait how long in between foods to identify potential allergies [ . . . ] .

A

1 week or several (eg, 4-7) days between each one to identify any food allergies

96
Q

a client who is experiencing lightheadedness and unsteady gait following paracentesis requires immediate assessment because these manifestations can signal [ . . . ]

A

hypovolemia with hypotension which can lead to hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock

97
Q

a client who is experiencing lightheadedness and unsteady gait following paracentesis requires immediate assessment because these manifestations can signal [ . . . ]

A

hypovolemia with hypotension which can lead to hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock

98
Q

initially, this pathology develops intermittently, resulting in periodic pain in association with the legs drawn up toward the abdomen [ . . . ]

A

Intussusception

99
Q

the lactulose dosing frequency should be adjusted to ensure how many soft stools per day [ . . . ]

A

2-3 soft stools per day with no confusion or lethargy

100
Q

controls ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy by reducing intestinal absorption of ammonia with excretion in the stool [ . . . ]

A

Lactulose

101
Q

elevated blood urea nitrogen is also a sign of? (think big picture) [ . . . ]

A

dehydration

102
Q

mainly used to remove gastrointestinal secretions and swallowed air in patients with gastrointestinal obstructions [ . . . ]

A

Nasogastric aspiration (suction)

103
Q

is the process of draining the stomach’s contents via the tube [ . . . ]

A

Nasogastric aspiration (suction)

104
Q

when a client with celiac disease does not experience symptom relief after being on a gluten-free diet, the most common reason for refractory symptoms is [ . . . ]

A

failure to follow the strict gluten-free diet - asking the patient what they ate yesterday or before coming is critical because more than likely there is still some gluten in the food they are eating

105
Q

wearing a girdle or tight clothes increases intraabdominal pressure and should be avoided especially in what type of hernia’s [ . . . ]

A

hiatal hernias

106
Q

its a nutritional iv solution that is rich in glucose [ . . . ]

A

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

107
Q

which patients are likely to have reduced appetite and unintentional weight loss [ . . . ]

A

unipolar major depression - Interventions to promote adequate nutritional intake include providing small frequent meals and snacks that are dense in protein and calories

108
Q

clients on a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (maoi) such as phenelzine (nardil) should have which food restriction [ . . . ]

A

Foods high in tyramine - (eg, aged cheese, yogurt, cured meats, fermented foods, broad beans, beer, red wine, chocolate, avocados) - need to be restricted to reduce the risk of a hypertensive crisis

109
Q

foods high in tyramine [ . . . ]

A

aged cheese yogurt cured meats fermented foods broad beans beer red wine chocolate avocados need to be restricted to reduce the risk of a hypertensive crisis

110
Q

healthy snacks for a toddler include [ . . . ]

A

pieces of cheese, whole-wheat crackers, banana slices, yogurt, cooked vegetables, and cottage cheese with thinly sliced fruit

111
Q

are often prescribed to hospitalized clients without gerd or ulcers to prevent stress ulcers from developing during surgery or a major illness [ . . . ]

A

PPIs // omeprazole

112
Q

it decreases postoperative nausea by promoting gastric emptying [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

113
Q

a potentially life-threatening complication, can occur following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. manifestations include acute abdominal pain, often radiating to the back, and a rise in pancreatic enzymes (eg, amylase, lipase) [ . . . ]

A

Acute pancreatitis

114
Q

rice, corn, and potatoes are __ _ __ and are allowed on the diet [ . . . ]

A

Gluten free

115
Q

gluten-containing products that should be eliminated from the diet are [ . . . ]

A

barley rye oats wheat

116
Q

encephalopathy continues to worsen, medical treatment should include higher doses of __ _ __ [ . . . ]

A

lactulose

117
Q

its a serious complication of end-stage liver disease (esld) that results from inadequate detoxification of ammonia from the blood. symptoms include lethargy, confusion, and slurred speech; coma can occur if this condition remains untreated [ . . . ]

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

118
Q

common side effects of this medication such as sedation, fatigue, restlessness, headache, sleeplessness, dry mouth, constipation, and diarrhea need not be reported to the health care provider [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide

119
Q

protruding and twisting of the tongue lip smacking puffing of cheeks chewing movements frowning or blinking of eyes twisting fingers twisted or rotated neck (torticollis) [ . . . ]

A

tardive dyskinesia (TD)

120
Q

similar to antipsychotic drugs, metoclopramide use is associated with [ . . . ]

A

extrapyramidal adverse effects, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). - This is especially common in older adults with long-term use. The client should call the health care provider immediately if TD symptoms develop

121
Q

it’s prescribed for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux (gerd), and as an antiemetic [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

122
Q

nursing interventions to prevent hiatal hernias are similar to those used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd), name some of them [ . . . ]

A

diet modification - avoid high fat foods eat small mealsavoid eating before bedstop smoking loose weight avoid lifting or straining elevate head of the bed by 30 degrees put a pillow

123
Q

what type of hernia is described as gastroesophageal junction remaining in place but a portion of upper stomach folds up along the esophagus and forms a pocket [ . . . ]

A

paraesophageal hernia (rolling hernia) - this is a medical emergency

124
Q

an orifice in the right lobe of the central tendon of the diaphragm that transmits the inferior vena cava and branches of the right phrenic nerve [ . . . ]

A

Caval Hiatus - this is where the stomach goes thru in hiatial hernia

125
Q

a portion of the stomach to herniate through an opening in the diaphragm is what type of hernia [ . . . ]

A

hiatal hernia

126
Q

nurses evaluating clients for malnutrition should first assess for what [ . . . ]

A

unintentional weight loss - an important indicator of malnourishment. - Afterwards, contributing factors of malnutrition (eg, functional status, mood alteration, diet) should be evaluated

127
Q

in cirrhosis of the liver which blood test values would the nurse typically anticipate to be elevated [ . . . ]

A

bilirubinammoniacoagulation studies (PT/INR and aPTT) become elevated - hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia would be expected, o sea values for these two

128
Q

clients receiving metoclopramide at high doses and/or for extended periods are at risk for developing [ . . . ]

A

tardive dyskinesia (TD) - an often irreversible movement disorder. - The nurse should question a prescription for metoclopramide if symptoms of TD (eg, uncontrollable lip smacking, hand wringing, rocking) are present

129
Q

with extended use and/or high doses, metoclopramide may lead to the development of [ . . . ]

A

tardive dyskinesia (TD) - a movement disorder that is characterized by uncontrollable motions (eg, sucking/smacking lip motions) and is often irreversible

130
Q

commonly used antiemetic medication that treats nausea, vomiting, and gastroparesis by increasing gastrointestinal motility and promoting stomach emptying [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide

131
Q

is administered via a central venous catheter to meet the nutritional needs of clients who cannot digest nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract [ . . . ]

A

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - cessation of central total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which usually contains 20%-50% dextrose, increases the risk for hypoglycemia

132
Q

contain the highest amounts of lactose and should be restricted depending on the client’s individual tolerance in foks with lactase deficiency [ . . . ]

A

Milk and ice cream - in contrast some cheeses and yogurt contain little to no lactose

133
Q

It’s an antispasmodic drug that decreases intestinal motility and is contraindicated in clients with paralytic ileus [ . . . ]

A

Dicyclomine

134
Q

is contraindicated in clients with paralytic ileus as it decreases intestinal motility and would exacerbate the condition [ . . . ]

A

Dicyclomine

135
Q

is an anticholinergic/antispasmodic drug prescribed to manage symptoms of intestinal hypermotility in clients with irritable bowel syndrome [ . . . ]

A

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

136
Q

unused, prepared formula should be stored in the refrigerator and, if unused, discarded after [ . . . ]

A

48 hours

137
Q

immediate postoperative period of an (new) ileostomy what kind of diet is recommended [ . . . ]

A

low residue (low-fiber) Foods to avoid are: - high fiber: popcorn, brown rice, multigrain brea - stringy vegetables: celery, brocoli, aspargus -seeds or pits: strawberries, olives, raspberies

138
Q

a low-residue diet means [ . . . ]

A

low-fiber

139
Q

following abdominal surgery, the nurse should not advance the client to a regular diet until [ . . . ]

A

peristalsis returns (eg, bowel sounds, passage of flatus, bowel movement) - advancing to a regular diet before peristalsis could lead to bowel obstruction

140
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds are called? these are typically seen in patients with diarrhea and fluid and gas movement through the intestines [ . . . ]

A

Borborygmi

141
Q

is manifested by hemoconcentration (elevated hematocrit) and elevated blood urea nitrogen [ . . . ]

A

Dehydration

142
Q

vomiting or prolonged ng suctioning would cause what electrolyte imbalance [ . . . ]

A

hypokalemia

143
Q

the stomach contains acid, which becomes depleted with excess [ . . . ]

A

excess vomiting (or during nasogastric [NG] suctioning) - leading to metabolic alkalosis (increased bicarbonate and pH of 7.45)

144
Q

a hematocrit of 57% (0.57) is elevated and indicative of hemoconcentration caused by [ . . . ]

A

dehydration

145
Q

nonbilious (formula in/formula out) and leads to progressive dehydration, is what [ . . . ]

A

pyloric stenosis emesis (projectile vomiting)

146
Q

acid-reducing agents (eg, antacids, proton pump inhibitors, h2 blockers) should be avoided within 30 minutes of taking this me and also other medications should be taken 1-2 hours before or after [ . . . ]

A

Sucralfate

147
Q

binds with many medications (eg, digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin), reducing their bioavailability and effectiveness [ . . . ]

A

Sucralfate

148
Q

it does not neutralize or reduce acid production but is prescribed to treat and prevent both stomach and duodenal ulcers [ . . . ]

A

Sucralfate

149
Q

is an oral medication that forms a protective layer in the gastrointestinal mucosa, which provides a physical barrier against stomach acids and enzymes [ . . . ]

A

Sucralfate

150
Q

is generally prescribed 1 hour before meals and at bedtime and, for effective results, is taken on an empty stomach with a glass of water [ . . . ]

A

Sucralfate

151
Q

invasive procedure requiring delivery of informed consent by whom? what’s the nurse role in informed consent [ . . . ]

A

health care provider (HCP). - The HCP explains the benefits and risks of the procedure - The nurse’s role is to witness informed consent and verify that it has occurred

152
Q

typically causes bilious, nonprojectile vomiting and involves a sausage-shaped mass [ . . . ]

A

intussusception - in contrast to pyloric stenosis which causes projectile vomiting but is nonbloody and non billous

153
Q

classic clinical manifestations include episodes of sudden, crampy abdominal pain; a palpable sausage-shaped abdominal mass; and red, currant jelly stools [ . . . ]

A

intussusception

154
Q

typically causes bilious, nonprojectile vomiting and involves a sausage-shaped mass [ . . . ]

A

intussusception

155
Q

a palpable, epigastric, olive-shaped mass and nonbloody projectile vomiting (ie, up to 3-4 feet [~1 meter]) are clinical manifestations often seen with [ . . . ]

A

pyloric stenosis

156
Q

are contraindicated when smooth muscle relaxation is already a concern [ . . . ]

A

Anticholinergic drugs contraindications include: narrow-angle glaucoma urinary retention (benign prostatic hyperplasia) bowel ileus/obstruction

157
Q

dicyclomine hydrochloride (bentyl) is what type of medication [ . . . ]

A

anticholinergic - used to relax smooth muscle

158
Q

are used to relax smooth muscle and dry secretions [ . . . ]

A

Anticholinergic - side effects include pupillary dilation, dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation.

159
Q

instructions for clients scheduled for a colonoscopy include a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure [ . . . ]

A

avoiding any food or liquids (nothing by mouth) 8-12 hours prior to the examinationand taking the bowel-cleansing agent as prescribed

160
Q

its a temporary lack of the normal muscle contractions of the intestines [ . . . ]

A

ileus

161
Q

enumerate a few respiratory distress interventions [ . . . ]

A

Place in High Fowlers Oropharyngeal suction. Give 100% oxygen by non-rebreather mask assess lung sounds Notify HCP

162
Q

One of the first signs of this disorder in infants is meconium ileus. [ . . . ]

A

Cystic Fibrosis

163
Q

Malabsorption of fat will cause a patient’s stool to become bulky and foul-smelling. The stool will also float due to its increased lipid content. [ . . . ]

A

Steatorrhea

164
Q

As this medication is a dopaminergic antagonist, patients may display parkinsonian symptoms, such as involuntary muscle movements, facial grimaces and dystonic reactions. [ . . . ]

A

Metroclopramide

165
Q

This medication is dopaminergic antagonist, it should be contraindicated or used very cautiously in patients with Parkinson’s disease. [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide

166
Q

Patients taking this medication develop hyperprolactinemia, which can present with galactorrhea. [ . . . ]

A

Metoclopramide

167
Q

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely a contraindication for the use of Metoclopramide? [ . . . ]

A

small bowel obstruction

168
Q

Which of the following characteristics is most likely associated with Metoclopromide regarding motility [ . . . ]

A

Promotility agent

169
Q

Which of the following most likely describes the pathophysiological mechanism of the gastroprokinetic activity of metoclopramide? [ . . . ]

A

increased resting tone

170
Q

Which of the following drug classes best corresponds to Metoclopramide? [ . . . ]

A

antiemetic

171
Q

During your assessment of a patient with cystic fibrosis, which of the following is most likely to be seen? [ . . . ]

A

Steatorrhea

172
Q

Stool will float due its increased lipid content along with being foul smelling? [ . . . ]

A

Steatorrhea

173
Q

Recurrent pulmonary infections are typically caused by organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas, which are chronic in nature.This is seen in what condition? [ . . . ]

A

Cystic Fibrosis

174
Q

Inadequate absorption of nutrients due to insufficient production of pancreatic enzymes can lead to delayed growth and poor weight gain in children with? [ . . . ]

A

Cystic Fibrosis

175
Q

What would prompt an evaluation for Diabetes ? [ . . . ]

A

Fasting blood glucose 150 mg/dL or more

176
Q

One of themost commonlong-term complications of diabetes? [ . . . ]

A

diabetic peripheral neuropathy

177
Q

Describe in your words intussusception? [ . . . ]

A

telescoping of the intestines

178
Q

diarhhea will cause a metabolic acidosis.. but once you get acidodic, it will shut your bowels down = [ . . . ]

A

paralytic ileus

179
Q

Nsaids are [ . . . ]

A

Nephrotoxic

01 - Nclex Board Review (7 decks)

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