unit one the heart

Question 1

The heart

Answer 1

a transport system consisting of two side by side pumps/chambers

Question 2

what are the two different circuits and what are they for?

Answer 2

• pulmonary; lungs

- systemic; body

Question 3

what are the characteristics of the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 3

• 1st side to pump blood
• right side
• decreases pressure

Question 4

what are the characteristics of the systemic circuit?

Answer 4

• 2nd side
• left
• increases pressure

Question 5

what is the cause/reason for movement in the heart?

Answer 5

pressure

Question 6

where is the heart located?

Answer 6

mediastinum

Question 7

Pericardium

Answer 7

double walled sac that surrounds the heart; made up of two layers

Question 8

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 8

• fibrous (outer) pericardium

- serous (inner) pericardium

Question 9

what are the two parts of the serous pericardium?

Answer 9

• parietal layer

- visceral layer (epicardium)

Question 10

cardiac tamponade

Answer 10

• excess fluid that leaks into pericardial space

- can compress hearts pumping ability

Question 11

what are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 11

(outer)
-epicardium; visceral
-myocardium; muscle
-endocardium, SS epi.
(inner)

Question 12

atria

Answer 12

thin walled chambers, propulsion of blood

Question 13

auricles

Answer 13

expanded part of atria’s to fit more blood

Question 14

right atrium

Answer 14

receives deoxygenated blood from body

(veins) superior/ inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 15

left atrium

Answer 15

receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs

four pulmonary veins

Question 16

valves

Answer 16

ensure blood flow through the heart in response to pressure

Question 17

what are the two major types of valves and their corresponding valves?

Answer 17

1. atrioventricular
   - tricuspid (RA/V)
   - bicuspid (mitral) (LA/V)
2. semilunar
   - pulmonary SL (RV/PA)
   - aortic SL (LV/AA)

Question 18

coronary circulation

Answer 18

functional blood supply to heart muscle itself when heart is relaxed

Question 19

coronary sinus

Answer 19

empties into right atrium

• great cardiac vein
• middle cardiac vein
• small cardiac vein

Question 20

intercalated discs

Answer 20

-desmosomes; hold cell together
-gap junctions; allow ions to pass from cell to cell
functional syncytium

Question 21

skeletal and cardiac muscle differences

Answer 21

• pacemaker cells; automatic
• contracts as a unit
• extracellular
• tetanic dosent occur
• relies on aerobic respiration

Question 22

what are the three parts of action potential?

Answer 22

1. pacemaker potential- k is closed, but na open
2. depolarization- ca open
3. repolarization- k opens

Question 23

what are the 5 parts of the electrical activity in the heart?

Answer 23

1. Sinoatrial node
2. atrioventricular node
3. atrioventricular bundle
4. R/L bundle branches
5. purkinje fibers

Question 24

what is included in sympathetic

Answer 24

norepinephrine, Na+

Question 25

what is included with parasympathetic

Answer 25

acetylcholine, K+

Question 26

electrocardiogram (EKG)

Answer 26

a graph that records electrical activity of al action potentials at a given time

Question 27

P wave

Answer 27

SA/ atrial depolarization

Question 28

QRS wave

Answer 28

ventricular depolarization

Question 29

T wave

Answer 29

ventricular replarization

Question 30

tachicardia

Answer 30

above 100 bpm

Question 31

brachicardia

Answer 31

below 60 bpm

Question 32

cardiac cycle

Answer 32

repeating pattern of contraction and relaxation of heart

Question 33

what are the 5 things included in the cardiac cycle and what do they mean?

Answer 33

• systole; contraction
• diastole; relaxiation
• end-diastolic volume (EDV); total volume of blood
• end-systolic volume (ESV); blood left after contraction
• stroke volume (SV); blood moved per contraction

Question 34

what are the 4 phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 34

1. ventricular filling
2. ventricular systole- moving
3. isovolumetric relaxation
4. isovolumetric contraction