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004 - Skin > 05 - Primary Skin Lesions > Flashcards

05 - Primary Skin Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(macule)

  1. what is it?
  2. what is color like?
  3. Can it be pigmented?
A
  1. circumscribed, flat change in skin color
  2. may be depigmented, hyperpigmented (melanotic), erythematous, or result of local hemorrhage
  3. NO
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2
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(macule)

(Differentials)

  1. depigmented
  2. melanotic
  3. erythematous
  4. hemorrhagic
A
  1. post-inflammatory (often seen in horses); immune-mediated (lupus); vitiligo; drug eruption
  2. post-inflammatory or reaction to chronic inflammation; lentigo; early melanoma, sex hormone dermatoses, hypothyoidism, Cushing’s disease
  3. any acute dermatitis (allergic, parasitic, autoimmune, bacterial)
  4. thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, vasculitis, insect bites
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3
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(Patch)

  1. what is it?
  2. can it be palpated?
  3. differentials?
A
  1. a macule greater than 1 cm in diameter
  2. NO
  3. same as for macules
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4
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(papule)

  1. what is it?
  2. it represents what?
  3. Can it be palpated?
  4. Are they erythematous?
  5. do they involve hair follicles?
A
  1. solid elevation of skin up to 1 cm in diameter
  2. infiltration of inflammatory cells, intraepidermal and subepidermal edema, or epidermal hypertrophy
  3. yes (always as a solid mass)
  4. often
  5. maybe
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5
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(papule)

(Differentials)

  1. What are they?
  2. Is a very common clinical presentatino of what?
A
  1. parasites (sarcoptic mange, follicular demodicosis)

superficial bacterial infection (follicular papules)

allergic conditions (flea allergy, contact allergy)

cause of feline miliary dermatitis

calcinosis cutis

sterile pyogranulomas

  1. superficial pyoderma
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6
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(plaque)

  1. what is it?
  2. results from what?
A
  1. large f_lat topped elevation_ often formed by extension or coalition of papules
  2. massive infiltration of inflammatory cells or neoplastic cells into the dermis or subcutis
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7
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(plaque)

(differentials)

  1. what are they?
A
  1. feline eosinophilic plaque

fungal infections (blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis etc),

neoplasms

panniculitis (sterile, infectious)

calcinosis cutis

sterile pyogranulomas

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8
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(Nodule)

  1. what is it?
  2. results from what?
A
  1. circumscribed solid elevation of the skin greater than 1 cm in diameter
  2. massive infiltration of inflammatory cells or neoplastic cells into the dermis or subcutis
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9
Q

(Primary Lesions)

(Nodule)

(Differentials)

  1. what are they?
  2. Diseases that form nodules typically also form what?
A
  1. Bacterial infections

deef fungal infections

neoplasms

panniculitis (sterile, infectious)

calcinosis cutis

sterile pyogranulomas

  1. plaques (therefore, these lesions are often seen concurrently)
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10
Q

(Tumor)

  1. what is it?
  2. origin?

(differentials)

  1. neoplasia… a cutaneous tumor often present clinically how?
A
  1. a large mass that may involve any structure of the skin or subcutaneous tissue
  2. neoplastic
  3. as a plaque and/or nodule that may or may not ulcerate
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11
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(pustule)

  1. what is it?
  2. May be what in location?
  3. color is usually what?
  4. most commonly contain what?

but can also be what?

  1. Pustules are rarely seen in dogs and cats - why?
A
  1. small, circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with pus
  2. intraepidermal, subepidermal, or follicular
  3. yellow (may be green or red)
  4. neutrophils (and are infectious in origin)

eosinophils may predominate (especially in parasitic disorders) and may be sterile

  1. because they are formed superficially, are fragile and rupture easily resulting in crust formation
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12
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(pustule)

  1. Differentials?
A
  1. superficial pyoderma

demodicosis

sterile eosinophilic pustulosis

pemphigus foliaceous

subcorneal pustular dermatosis

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13
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Abscess)

  1. what is it?
  2. pus is not visible until when?
  3. abcesses are what compared to pustules?
A
  1. demarcated, fluctuant lesion resuting from localized, dermal or subcutaneous accumulation of pus
  2. it drains to the surface
  3. larger and deeper
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14
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Abscess)

(differentials)

  1. what are they?
A
  1. bacterial infections (cat fight abcess)

deep fungal infections

sterile panniculitis

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15
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Vesicle)

  1. what is it?
  2. intradermal or epidermal?
  3. Vesicles are rarely seen in dogs and cats - why?
A
  1. sharply circumscribed elevation of the skin; up to 1 cm in diameter and filled with clear fluid
  2. either
  3. they are fragile and rupture easily
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16
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Vesicle)

(Differentials)

  1. what are they?
A

1. autoimmune disorders

viral diseases

chcemical irritants

drug eruption

17
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Bulla)

  1. what is it?
A
  1. vesicles larger that 1cm in diameter

(differentials are the same)

18
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Cysts)

  1. what is it?
  2. usually lined by what?
A
  1. epithelial lined cavity filled with fluid (eg secretion of apocrine glands) or solid material (eg keratin)
  2. lined by skin adnexa structures (hair follicles, sebaceous, or apocrine glands) and contain keratin, sebaceous or apocrine secretions
19
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Cysts)

  1. Differentials?
A
  1. infundibular follicular cyst (epidermal inclusion cyst)

apocrine sweat gland cyst

20
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Wheal)

  1. what is it?
  2. more commonly seen in what animals?
  3. Differentials?
A
  1. circumscribed raised lesion consisting of edema that a_ppears and dissapears in minutes to hours_

(examples are hives and positive reactions to skin tests)

  1. horses and dogs
  2. allergic or nonallergic urticaria (hives)
21
Q

(Primary LEsions)

(Angioedema)

  1. What is it?
  2. how is lesion different than hives?
  3. differentials?
A
  1. when the edema extends into the subcutis
  2. lesion is diffuse and not sharply circumscribed

the lesion of angioedema pits when pressed

  1. allergic or non-allergic lymphedema

004 - Skin (26 decks)

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