PRIMARY OR SECONDARY

Question 1

(Erythema)

1. what is it?
2. does what when pressed?
3. primary when?
4. secondary when?
5. common sign of what?

Answer 1

1. diffuse red coloration of the skin
2. blanches (make white)
3. drug eruption
4. after scratching
5. inflammation

Question 2

(Alopecia)

1. what is it?
2. primary lesion in what?
3. secondary lesion when?

(alopecia is self induced when secondary due to scratching)

Answer 2

1. loss of hair (may vary from partial to complete)
2. endocrinopathies and follicular dysplasias
3. cases of trauma or inflammation

Question 3

(Scale)

1. what is it?
2. primary in cases of what?
3. secondary?

Answer 3

1. an accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of the skin (cornified cells)
2. primary idiopathic seborrhea and itchthyosis
3. chronic inflammation

Question 4

(Follicular Casts)

1. what is it?
2. primary lesion when?
3. secondary lesion in what?
4. diffs?

Answer 4

1. accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia
2. in primary idiopathic seborrhea and sebaceous adenitis
3. demodicosis and dermatophysis
4. sebaceous adenitis (typical for this condition)

Question 5

(crust)

1. what is it?

Answer 5

1. formed from dried exudate, serum, pus, blood cells, scales, or medications adhere to the skin surface

Question 6

(Hyperpigmentation)

1. what is it?
2. diffs?

Answer 6

1. increased epidermal and sometimes dermal melanin
2. post-inflammatory (some inflammatory lesions will hyperpigment during the healing phase (epidermal collarettes)

most commonly seen with chronic inflammation (skin also lichenified)

endocrine disorders (not lichenified)

Question 7

(Hypopigmentation)

1. what is it?
2. diffs?

Answer 7

1. loss of epidermal melanin
2. post-inflammatory (often seen in horses)

immune mediated (systemic lupus erythematosus)

vitiligo

Question 8

(Comedo (comedomes))

1. what is it?
2. primary when?
3. secondary?
4. diffs?

Answer 8

1. dilated hair follicle filled with keratin and sebeceous debris
2. feline acne, Schnauzer comedo syndrome, Cushing’s disease, sex hormone dermatosis, hypothyroidism and some idiopathic seborrhea disorders
3. seborheic skin disorders; occlustion of follicle with greasy medications, administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids
4. endocrine disorders, feline acne, schauzer comedo syndrome, demodicosis