05 - Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions

Question 1

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(Erythema)

1. what is it?
2. does what when pressed?
3. Is primary after what? secondary after what?
4. common sing of what?

Answer 1

1. diffuse red coloration of the skin
2. blaches (temporary whitening of the skin)
3. drug eruption; scratching
4. inflammation

Question 2

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(alopecia)

1. what is it?
2. primary lesion in what?
3. secondary in what?
4. The presence or absence of concurrent inflammation will help you with the list of differentials:

no inflammation in the presence of alopecia… think what?

if inflammation?

Answer 2

1. loss of hair (may vary from partial to complete)
2. endocrinopathies & follicular dysplasias
3. trauma or inflammation
4. endocrinopathies or follicular dysplasias (in these cases alopecia is spontaneous)

think allergic diseases, parasitic diseases etc (in these cases the alopecia is self-induced)

Question 3

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(alopecia)

1. differentials? (if multi-focal)
2. differentials if symmetrical?

Answer 3

1. self-trauma, pyoderma, demodicosis, dermatophysis
2. self-trauam, endocrinopathies, telogen defluxion, anagen defluxion, follicular dysplasias

Question 4

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(Scale)

1. what is it?
2. What is the final product of epidermal keratinization?
3. Normal loss occurs as individual cells or small clusters not visible to the naked ete - abnormal loos occurs in large amounts of scales that are visible to the naked eye
4. . Flakes vary greatly in consistency; they can appear fine, powdery, flaky, plate like, greasy, dry, loose, adhering or “nit-like”. The color varies from white, silver, yellow, or brown to gray
5. may be primary lesion in some caeses of what?
6. common secondary lesions in what?

Answer 4

1. accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of the skin (cornified cells)
2. the corneocyte
3. primary idiopathic seborrhea and ichthyosis
4. chonic inflammation

Question 5

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(scale)

1. differentials?

Answer 5

1. Primary idiopathic seborrhea; sebaceous adenitis; color dilution alopecia; follicular dysplasia; endocrinopathies and various inflammatory dermatoses (allergies, parasitic conditions such as cheyletiellosis etc.).

Question 6

(Primary/Secondary Skin LEsions)

(follicular casts)

1. what is it?
2. primary lesion in what?
3. secondary lesion in what?

Answer 6

1. accumulation of keratin and follicuar material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia
2. primary idiopathic seborrhea and sebaceous adenitis
3. demodicosis and dermaophysis

Question 7

(Primary/Secondary Skin LEsions)

(follicular casts)

1. Differentials?

Answer 7

1. Primary idiopathic seborrhea; sebaceous adenitis (typical for this condition); demodicosis and dermatophytosis (not often seen in demodicosis and dermatophytosis).

Question 8

(Primary/Secondary Skin Lesions)

(crust)

1. is formed when what occurs?
2. DIfferentials?

Answer 8

1. when d_ried exudate_, serum, pus, blood cells, scales, or midications adhere to the skin surface
2. 1. Hemorrhagic (imply deep tissue damage or hemorrhage): traumatic wounds; deep pyoderma (furunculosis); fly strike; and vasculitis.
3. Honey colored crusts: superficial bacterial infection; pemphigus foliaceus.
4. Thick dry yellowish-white crusts: zinc-responsive dermatosis; sarcoptic mange.
5. Crusts present on the footpads: pemphigus foliaceus; zinc-responsive dermatosis; superficial necrolytic dermatitis; distemper.

Question 9

(Primary/Secondary Lesions)

(Hyperpigmentation)

1. what is it?
2. Differentials?

Answer 9

1. increased epidermal and sometimes dermal melanin
2. Differentials: post-inflammatory (some inflammatory lesions will hyperpigment during the healing phase (e.g. resolving epidermal collarettes); hyperpigmentation is most commonly seen with chronic inflammation (in these cases the skin is also lichenified (see lichenification); endocrine disorders (in the cases the skin is not lichenified (thickened).

Question 10

(Primary/Secondary LEsions)

(hypopigmentation)

1. what is it?
2. Differntials?

Answer 10

1. loss of epidermal melanin
2. Post-inflammatory (often seen in horses); immune-mediated (discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus – initial sign); vitiligo; uveodermatologic syndrome.

Question 11

(Primary/Secondary LEsions)

(Comedo (comedomes))

1. what is it?
2. Primary lesion in what?
3. Produced secondary to what?

Answer 11

1. dilated hair follicle filled with keratin and sebaceous debris
2. It is the primary lesion in feline acne, Schnauzer comedo syndrome, Cushing’s disease, sex hormone dermatosis, hypothyroidism and some idiopathic seborrhea disorders
3. seborrheic skin disorders; to occlusion of the follicle opening with greasy medications, or to the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids.

Question 12

(Primary/Secondary LEsions)

(Comedo (comedomes))

(Differentials)

1. what are they?

Answer 12

1. Endocrine disorders (more frequently seen with Cushing’s disease); feline acne; Schnauzer comedo syndrome; primary or secondary seborrheic disorders; exogenous administration of topical or systemic corticosteroids; demodicosis.