JT Simon de Montfort Flashcards
What did the barons feel about Henry III?
history was repeating itself
Why did the barons feel history was repeating itself with Henry III (4)?
1 Henry became king at 9 and helped to rule by barons until old enough
2 he lived extravigantly and always short of money
3 lost 2 major French wars
4 only listeded to advisors - fell out with barons due to his close relationship with church
What did the barons do
decided to take action against Henry
who was Simon de Montefort and why was his relationship with king difficult?
1 earl of Leicester
2 had lost land to king in 1066 - henry had agreed to give it back
3 married to kings sister
4 fought for Henry and became one of his favourites
5 Henry put him on trial many times but aquitted him.
what did Simon de Montfort do
led barons in calling a great council in 1258 where they forced the king to agree to the provisions of oxford
What were the provisions of Oxford (4)
1 15 barons made the great council - elected by 24 men 12 appointed by king 12 by barons
2 foreign members of royal household would be banished
3 castles would be held by englishmen
4 each county would have a sherriff and taxes would be collected locally
why did barons need de montfort as spokesman
henry wanted barons to help pay money he owed the pope to avoid ex communication
what were the outcomes of provisions of oxford
1gave barons more power over decisions than king
2 made the king more accountable
3 the barons were divided and henry saw this so refused to sign
4 so barons asked simon de montfort to lead an army against the king
5 simon fought battle of lewes and captured the king and his son
What happened after lewes (5)
1 king was in prison so de Montfort was in charge
2 he formed a council of 9 people - mostly family and friends
3 he reissued provisions of oxford and magna Carta
4 Many barons thought he was to powerful and turned against him
5 To increase his support Simon asked merchants and knights from every county to attend meeting of the great council
what happened to Simon de Montford (3)
1 It was the first time commoners were consulted on national matters
2 de montfort did it without consulting other barons, they were furious with him and thought he was acting like a king so switched support to king
3 battle of Eversham kings army beat de montforts men and hacked simon to death on the battlefield.
what was the impact of Simon de Montfort
1 de montforts parliament was first to include commoners
2 established principle that king called parliament to raise taxes
3 his parliament became symbol of democracy
regarded as a martyr
what were long term significances of Simon de montfort
1 helped common people influence power
2 led way for commoners to be involved in politics
3 led to balanced future relationships between king and barons
