Unit 2.1: Training and Development

Question 1

Training vs. Education

Answer 1

Training → A process of learning characterized by the acquisition of specific information or skills

Education → Process of acquiring general knowledge and information that usually results in the broadening of the responses individuals are likely to make

Question 2

3 Phases of Training

Answer 2

1. Assessment Phase → Includes assessing the training needs and resources, identifying training and objectives, and developing criteria
2. Training and Development Phase → Involves pretest for trainees, selection of training methods and learning principles, and the training itself
   
   1. Evaluation Phase → Training is monitored and training outcomes are compared against criteria in order to provide feedback

Question 3

Transfer of Training

Answer 3

The process of acquiring new knowledge or skills in a training environment and then transferring the same knowledge and skills to an actual job situation

Question 4

Possible Transfer-of-Training situations

Answer 4

1. Positive transfer of training → Training activities enhance performance in the new situation
2. Negative Transfer of Training → The training activities inhibit performance in the new situation
3. No observable Effect of training

Question 5

Job-Instruction Training (JIT)

Answer 5

Requires a careful analysis of the job, an assessment of what the trainee knows, and a training schedule.

Question 6

Apprenticeships

Answer 6

The process of having a new worker work alongside and under the direction of a skilled technician. (i.e. Skill Trades)

Question 7

Internships and Assistantships

Answer 7

Much like apprenticeships but typically refer to occupations that require a higher level of formal eduction than that required by the skilled trades.

Question 8

Cooperative Education

Answer 8

A learning experience that combines both work and education

Question 9

Returnships

Answer 9

Return-to-work programs that assist individuals who have been out of the workforce for a period of time return.

Question 10

Job Rotation and Cross Training

Answer 10

Learning techniques that are usually reserved for managerial and technical occupations.

Question 11

Cross Training

Answer 11

Involves giving trainees a series of job assignments in various parts of the organization for a specific period of time.

Question 12

Freeze Framing

Answer 12

A training technique used with role playing where the action is stopped and alternative actions are explored.

Question 13

Experiential Group Exercises

Answer 13

Activities that involve a group of individuals in making decisions and solving problems.

Question 14

Outdoor Experiential Training (OET)

Answer 14

Management training courses that occur outside, such as wilderness experiences and ropes courses.

Question 15

Programmed Instruction

Answer 15

A training technique that arranges the training material in small sequential steps.

Question 16

On-the-Job Techniques (Advantages)

Answer 16

• No special space or equipment is usually required
• Practical since employees produce and earn while they learn
• Provides an immediate transfer of training
• Allows employees to practice what they are expected to do after training ends
  
  • Allows trainees to associate with their future coworkers and to observe and model the behavior of these coworkers.