Adult Oxygenation

Question 1

What is ventilation?

Answer 1

Process of moving gases in and out of the lungs

Question 2

What requires the muscular and elastic properties and thorax to be coordinated?

Answer 2

Ventilation

Question 3

Pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and back to the lungs is known as ______?

Answer 3

Perfusion

Question 4

What is diffusion?

Answer 4

Movement of respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients

Question 5

What happens when the normal gas exchange is altered by a collapse in the alveoli?

Answer 5

Atelectasis

Question 6

What can cause atelectasis?

Answer 6

Infection blockage of airways, compression, scarring from radiation, pneumothorax, or immature lungs

Question 7

What can be used to prevent atelectasis?

Answer 7

An incentive spirometer

Question 8

How often should an incentive spirometer be used?

Answer 8

10 times an hour

Question 9

What causes pneumonia?

Answer 9

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (alvelor spaces), which creates a build up of fluid and excrement in the alveoli, which decreases gas exchange

Question 10

What can cause pneumonia?

Answer 10

Bacteria, virus, fungus, gastric contents, chemicals

Question 11

How can pneumonia be prevented?

Answer 11

Hand hygiene, vaccination, avoiding exposure and taking aspiration precautions

Question 12

Who can get a pneumonia vaccine?

Answer 12

Must be > 62 years old or are at high risk

Question 13

When do the majority of fatalities occur when a pulmonary embolism ocuurs?

Answer 13

1-2 hours after onset

Question 14

What triggers a thrombosis?

Answer 14

Virchow’striad: venostasis, hypercoagulability, and vessel wall inflammation

Question 15

How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed?

Answer 15

CT scan

Question 16

What would an EKG of a pulmonary embolism show?

Answer 16

Tachycardia and right ventricular involvement

Question 17

When will a d-dimerappear after a thrombus formation?

Answer 17

One hour after

Question 18

What is the treatment for a thrombus formation?

Answer 18

Fibrinolytics, anticoagulants, embolectomy

Question 19

How does someone with a massive emboli present?

Answer 19

Change in mental status, a sense of impending doom,hypotension, pallor, sudden cardiac arrest

Question 20

What causes tuberculosis and why is it so contagious?

Answer 20

Mycobacterium… it is airbone, so droplets spread it from person to person

Question 21

Which countries is tuberculosis most prevalent in?

Answer 21

India, Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and South Africa

Question 22

How much does it cost to treat latent tuberculosis? How much for active tuberculosis?

Answer 22

$400-$600 vs. $18,000

Question 23

What type of illness is measles, varicella, and severe acute respiratory syndrome?

Answer 23

Airborne

Question 24

What are 4 medications used to treat tuberculosis?

Answer 24

Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamiole

Question 25

What is COPD?

Answer 25

Emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma combined

Question 26

What is the primary source of COPD?

Answer 26

Smoking, recurrent respiratory infections, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency or exposure to other noxious particles and gases

Question 27

Why do patients with COPD become cachectic?

Answer 27

Low appetite, focus on just trying to breathe

Question 28

What does a chest xray show on someone with COPD?

Answer 28

Hyperinflation and possibly an enlarged heart

Question 29

What does a COVID-19 chest xray look like?

Answer 29

A ground glass appearance in the lungs