module 1 traumatic ocular disorders

Question 1

ocular trauma

Answer 1

physical injuries sustained by the eye (globe) and ocular adnexa

Question 2

closed globe injury

Answer 2

patient has not sustained a full-thickness injury
- contusions
- lamellar lacerations

Question 3

open glob injury

Answer 3

there is a full-thickness injury

Question 4

contusions

Answer 4

occur when the eye is impacted but the wall of the eye remains intact
- corneal abrasion
- hyphema
- traumatic iritis
- iridodialysis
- lens dislocation
- vitreous hemorrhage
- retinal hemorrhage
- retinal detachment

Question 5

lamellar laceration

Answer 5

partial-thickness wound of the eye wall but the integrity of the globe is maintained

Question 6

ruptured globe

Answer 6

ocular contusion resulting in a rupture of the eye wall
- high-velocity projectiles
- assault
Eye is bluntly impacted and cannot sustain the forces imparted

Question 7

laceration

Answer 7

sharp object creates a full-thickness eye wall injury
- work-related activities
- accidents

Question 8

Subcategories of lacerations

Answer 8

penetrating injuries
perforating injuries
intraocular foreign bodies

Question 9

penetrating injuries

Answer 9

causes by an object entering and exiting the eye wall through the same wound

Question 10

perforating injuries

Answer 10

separate entry and exit wound

Question 11

intraocular foreign body

Answer 11

present when a portion of the insulting object enters and remains in the eye

Question 12

eye trauma more common with

Answer 12

men younger than 30
blue-collar and farm workers

Question 13

hyphema

Answer 13

shearing of iris blood vessels
collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 14

iridodialysis

Answer 14

disinsertion of the iris root

Question 15

ruptures can lead to

Answer 15

visual loss
- retinal detachments
- massive hemorrhage
- loss of intraocular contents
- intraocular infections
- other complications

Question 16

retrobulbar hemorrhage

Answer 16

contusive trauma
- emergency
- bleeding posterior to the globe into the closed orbital space -> compartment syndrome
- inc. in posterior pressure -> optic nerve stretch and compressed -> blockage of venous drainage and central retinal artery occlusion

Question 17

superficial injury and foreign body s/s

Answer 17

abrupt onset of redness
foreign body sensation
Tearing
photophobia
pain with blinking

Question 18

contusive trauma s/s

Answer 18

orbital fracture:
- diplopia
- pain with eye movement
- hypoesthesia of the cheek and upper lip
- subcutaneous or conjunctival emphysema

Question 19

retrobulbar hemorrhage s/s

Answer 19

dec. in vision
inability to open the eye
360 degrees of subconjunctival hemorrhage

Question 20

hyphema s/s

Answer 20

Common with contusive injury
- blurred vision
- pain
-> elevated intraocular pressure and loss of vision

Question 21

vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment s/s

Answer 21

marked decrease in vision

Question 22

open globe trauma s/s

Answer 22

360 degree subconjunctival hemorrhage
pupil irregularity: peaking
low intraocular pressure
poor vision
abnormal contour of the globe on CT