module 2 impaired hearing

Question 1

impaired hearing

Answer 1

defect in the detection and or precessing of sound waves
- affects both communication and personal safety, can be socially isolating

Question 2

outer ear

Answer 2

auricle
ear canal
- collects sounds waves and funnels them to the middle ear

Question 3

middle ear

Answer 3

TM
ossicles
middle ear space
- transfers the sound waves to the inner ear, amplifying the vibrations

Question 4

Inner ear

Answer 4

Cochlea: organ of hearing
- coverts the vibratory energy into electrical impulses that are then processed by the auditory nerve pathways in the brainstem, midbrain, and cerebrum.
Semicircular canals: primary balance system

Question 5

3 types of hearing loss

Answer 5

conductive
sensorineural
mixed

Question 6

conductive hearing loss

Answer 6

results from sound waves being attenuated at the external auditory canal or the middle ear

Question 7

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 7

Peripheral: cochlear
Central: nerve VIII: acoustic, internal auditory canal, or brain
- results from malfunction in the cochlea or central auditory pathways

Question 8

Mixed hearing loss

Answer 8

both conductive and sensorineural components

Question 9

outer ear and conductive hearing loss

Answer 9

impacted cerumen
bacterial or fungal infection (swimmers ear)
overgrowth of the boney wall (exostoses)
tumors
congenital atresia (orifice or passage missing)
fibrotic stenosis

Question 10

middle ear and conductive hearing loss

Answer 10

perforation of the TM
scar tissue
negative pressure from eustachian tube dysfunction
barotraumas
cholesteatoma
glomus tumor
otosclerosis
impaired mobility of the TM
- AOM, serous OM, chronic serous otitis

Question 11

otosclerosis

Answer 11

fusion of the stapes over the oval window
- common cause of hearing loss in adults

Question 12

congenital sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 12

non-inherited:
- maternal infections
- medications
Inherited:
- autosomal abnormalities

Question 13

adventitious sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 13

infections of the inner ear
Meniere disease
inner ear barotraumas
trauma
tumors

Question 14

presbycusis

Answer 14

gradual degeneration within the cochlea that accompanies aging
- genetics
- medications
- infections
- exposure to noise
- HTN
- smokoing
- DM

Question 15

sensorineural hearing loss r/t diseases

Answer 15

endocrine
metabolic
autoimmune disorders
neuorgenic disorders

Question 16

ototoxic medications -> sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 16

antineoplastics
salicylates
aminoglycosides
furosemide
quinine-related drugs

Question 17

associated s/s of hearing loss

Answer 17

otalgia
ear fullness
vertigo
tinnitus
cranial neuropathies

Question 18

family hx and hearing loss

Answer 18

family hx hearing loss
neoplasms
renal disease
balance disorders

Question 19

Weber test

Answer 19

place vibrating tuning fork at midline of forehead
- NML: sound heard equally on both sides
- Symmetric sensorineural loss: equally both ears
- asymmetric sensorineural: sound heard in the better ear
- asymmetric conductive: sound heard in the poorer ear

Question 20

Rinne test

Answer 20

compares air conduction and bone conduction
vibrating tuning fork held next to ear and then to mastoid process
- NML: AC > BC: pt does not hear tuning fork when placed on mastoid
- conductive loss: BC > AC: pt hears tuning fork when placed on mastoid
- sensorineural loss: AC > BC but not heard at soft levels

Question 21

tympanometry

Answer 21

used to determine middle ear function by measuring the impendence of the middle ear to sound

Question 22

sudden hearing loss associated with

Answer 22

autoimmune disease
chronic renal failure
infections
ischemia of the inner ear or retrocochlear structures
multiple sclerosis
sickle cell anemia
sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss
trauma

Question 23

gradual hearing loss associated with

Answer 23

cholesteatoma
chronic renal failure
chronic OM
DM
hypothyroidism
noise exposure
otosclerosis
presbycusis
retrocochlear neoplasm

Question 24

fluctuating hearing loss associated with

Answer 24

autoimmune disorders
meniere disease
migraine headache
multiple sclerosis
OM perilymphatic fistula
sarcoidosis
syphilis

Question 25

complications of hearing impairment

Answer 25

social isolation
failure to hear warning signals -> accidents
restricted economic opportunities