module 4 peds dental and oral disorders

Question 1

preeruption cysts

Answer 1

blood-filled cyst preceding tooth eruption through gingival tissue
- purple, reddish, black, or blue bump/bruise on gums

Question 2

bohn nodules

Answer 2

present at birth
firm, non-painful nodules on buccal surface of the alveolar ridge
- if in midline of palate: Epstein pearls

Question 3

Tooth decay

Answer 3

bacterial disease
- acid demineralization of the subsurface enamel
- acid is produced by bacteria after metabolism of carbs in diet

Question 4

Early tooth decay

Answer 4

apear as white or brown horizontal lines or sponts along gum line

Question 5

advanced tooth decay

Answer 5

appear as cavitations in the teeth

Question 6

tooth decay s/s

Answer 6

• sensitivity
• localized dental or facial pain
• abscesses on gums d/t bacterial invasion of the pulpal tissue
• gingival inflammation
• possible lymphadenopathy or fever

Question 7

Arrested caries

Answer 7

appear as open cavities that are black or dark brown

Question 8

How to arrest tooth decay

Answer 8

treat with 38% diamine fluoride

Question 9

fluoride varnish

Answer 9

early white spots can be remineralized using topical fluoride varnish

Question 10

gingivitis

Answer 10

presence of gingival inflammation without noticeable loss of alveolar bone or clinical attachment structures
- caused by plaque

Question 11

aggressive periodontitis

Answer 11

bacterial infection involving gums and bone
- rapid loss of periodontal attachment and supporting bone around teeth
- teeth may become loose

Question 12

necrotizing periodontitis

Answer 12

aggressive disease -> damage to the gum tissue between teeth.
- severe pain and fever present
- area of gums between teeth is ulcerated and necrotic, covered with a gray film

Question 13

pyogenic granuloma

Answer 13

inflammatory hyperplasia caused by
- low-grade localized infection, trauma, or hormonal factors
small exophytic (outward growing) lesion
- smooth, lobulated, or hemorrhagic

Question 14

herpes stomatitis

Answer 14

viral disease -> oral and circumoral ulcers
- caused by HSV type 1
- heal w/out tx in 7-14 days

Question 15

ankyloglossia

Answer 15

tongue-tie
- short lingual frenulum that hinders tongue movement beyond the edge of the lips

Question 16

aphthous ulcers

Answer 16

canker sores
recurrent, painful oral ulcers
- shallow, surrounded with an erythematous halo
- covered by gray, yellow, or white plaques

Question 17

3 forms of aphthous ulcers

Answer 17

minor
major
herpetiform

Question 18

minor aphthous ulcers

Answer 18

lesions are less than 10 mm in diameter

Question 19

majory aphthous ulcers

Answer 19

lesions are more than 1 cm in diameter
may take a month or more to heal
leave scarring

Question 20

herpetiform aphthous ulcers

Answer 20

clusters of 1-2mm lesions that may coalesce

Question 21

benign migratory glossitis

Answer 21

asymptomatic yellowish-white, circular, or serpentine lesions with atrophic red centers
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
- localized discomfort; esp. with spicy foods

Question 22

risk factors for benign migratory glossitis

Answer 22

immunologic factors
hormonal changes
use of oral contraceptives
DM
stress

Question 23

bruxism

Answer 23

excessive grinding of teeth that occurs when awake and/or during sleep

Question 24

contributing factors to bruxism

Answer 24

underlying stress
moderate or high amounts of second-hand smoke
- not assoc. with damage to permanent dentition

Question 25

dental erosion

Answer 25

chemical process -> irreversible acid demineralization of tooth structure
- intrinsic or extrinsic acids

Question 26

intrinsic acids

Answer 26

stomach acid
- GERD
- vomiting

Question 27

extrinsic acids

Answer 27

acidic beverages
methamphetamines
citrus fruis
medications

Question 28

dental erosion clinical manifestations

Answer 28

smooth, cupped out teeth on chewing surfaces
fillings raised above nml level of tooth
overly shiny silver fillings
enamel cuffing along the gums
tooth hypersensitivity

Question 29

diastema

Answer 29

space between any two neighboring teeth
- usually close by the time permanent teeth erupt
- caused by missing incisors or midline supernumerary teeth will persist -> referral

Question 30

gingival hyperplasia

Answer 30

fibrous enlargement of gingival tissue around the teeth
Causes:
- drugs
- hormones
- chronic inflammation
- leukemia

Question 31

Halitosis

Answer 31

bad breath
- poor oral hygiene
- tooth decay
- systemic disease
- sinusitis
- sleep apnea

Question 32

Malocclusion

Answer 32

anterior and posterior crossbites
open bites
Environmental factors:
- premature loss of teeth due to trauma
- caries
- ectopic eruptions
- persistent use of pacifier/thumb sucking

Question 33

anterior crossbite

Answer 33

due to crowding where one or more teeth are either behind or in front of the teeth in the opposing jaw while others are in good alignment

Question 34

posterior crossbite

Answer 34

one or more of the upper teeth is inside the opposing lower tooth

Question 35

anterior open bite

Answer 35

front teeth do not touch together when the back teeth are biting

Question 36

mucocele

Answer 36

salivary gland lesion caused by blockage of a salivary gland duct
- fluid-filled vesicle or fluctuant nodule with overlying mucosa of normal color

Question 37

pericoronitis

Answer 37

partially erupted lower wisdom tooth with a tissue flap covering part of the crown
- foreign body forced under flap -> infection

Question 38

ranula

Answer 38

cyst filled with mucin from a ruptured salivary gland
- large, soft, mucous-containing swelling in the floor of the mouth

Question 39

temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

Answer 39

chronic facial pain and mandibular dysfunction
- facial pain
- limitation in normal ability to open the mouth wide or with chewing
- jaw locking
- painful clicking
- popping
- grating in jaw joint
- change in occlusion