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Clinical Medicine I > Stages of Healing > Flashcards

Stages of Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Define inflammation

A
  • protective response to injury
  • removes stimulus, cellular debris, & initiates healing process
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2
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  • erythema
  • edema
  • heat
  • pain
  • loss of function
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3
Q

What does edema fluid balance do

A
  • maintains and regulates the movement of nutrition, oxygen, blood cells, and waste materials across the capillary walls
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4
Q

What happens in the proliferation/migration phase

A
  • granulation tissue continues to mature and strengthen
  • hematoma disappears along with signs of inflammation
  • the outer edges of the wound come closer together as the injured tissue contracts
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5
Q

What happens during the repair phase

A
  • new blood cells are formed
  • the wound site shrinks
  • collagen is laid down
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6
Q

Describe the different types of collagen

A

Type I: main component of mature scars and found in strong tissues such as tendons & bones
Type II: assembled into thin supporting filaments and found in cartilaginous tissue
Type III: thin filaments that make tissues supply and elastic and are prevalent in newborns & early scar and later remodeled into Type I
Type IV: form basement membrane to which epithelial, endothelial, & mesenchymal cells are anchored

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7
Q

How does the tissue response to trauma on the cellular level

A
  • chemical changes
  • metabolic changes
  • permeability changes
  • vascular changes
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8
Q

Purpose of acute inflammation

A
  • destroy or limit effects of causative agent
  • remove debris/necrotic tissue = phagocytosis
  • preparation for repair
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9
Q

What is the acute inflammation response

A
  • delivery of plasma proteins & circulating cells
  • exudate & effusion
  • release of chemical mediators
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10
Q

Define margination

A
  • phagocytes move out of blood stream to periphery
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11
Q

Define adhesion

A
  • stick to endothelial cells
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12
Q

Define envagination

A
  • crawl between endothelial cells into tissue
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13
Q

Define fibrin

A
  • barrier to spread of injury
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14
Q

Define local edema

A
  • effective host defense
  • leukocytes recruitment
  • bacterial containment
  • bacterial killing
  • limited damage to host tissues
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15
Q

Define systemic edema

A
  • organ injury
  • hypotension
  • acute lung injury
  • acute kidney injury
  • DIC
  • death
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16
Q

Define chronic inflammation

A
  • result of prolonged stimulus
  • accumulation of inflammatory cells
  • destructive
  • fibrous tissue proliferation
17
Q

Define fibronectin

A
  • early protein to promote formation, provide tensile strength & glue to hold extracellular matrix substances & cells together
18
Q

What are the functions of proteoglycans

A
  • bind to fibronectin & collagen to stabilize
  • promotes hydration
  • contributes to organization & stability of collagen
  • basement electrical charge
19
Q

What are the functions of elastin

A
  • protein synthesized by fibroblasts
  • cross linked to form burials for elasticity
20
Q

What do endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, & fibroblasts do doing the repair phase

A

Endothelial cells: form new blood vessels
Myofibroblasts: shrink & contract the wound site
Fibroblasts: produce collagen

21
Q

What are the functions of collagen

A
  • most important fibrous protein for structural & tensile strength
  • glue producer
  • the structural stability of the extracellular matrix is primarily a consequence of collagen
22
Q

Define tissue contracture

A
  • newly formed extracellular matrix draws together
  • fibroblasts change to myofibroblasts
  • excessive shrinkage results in contractures
23
Q

Describe tissue regeneration

A
  • epithelial cells cover the area, divide, & migrate into tissue using extracellular matrix supported by proteins
  • continual replacement of dead parenchymal cells
24
Q

Describe tissue repair

A
  • scarring occurs if trauma extends beneath the surface layer
  • formation of connective tissue scar requires removal of connective tissue matrix
  • structural integrity of the parenchymal tissues depends on the formation of the connective tissue scar
25
Q

What happens during the remodeling phase

A
  • may be initiated as early as 14 days post injury & may last up to a year or more
  • granulation tissue will be completely replaced by a dense network of collagen fiber bundles with little or no vascularization

Clinical Medicine I (26 decks)

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