DNA, production of proteins and proteins Flashcards
what is the structure of DNA?
a double stranded helix held by complementary base pairs.
what is the purpose of DNA?
DNA caries the genetic information for making proteins
how does DNA make proteins?
the four bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine (A,C,G and T) make up the genetic code. A is always paired with T and C with G.
what is the base sequence?
the base sequence determines amino acid sequence in proteins.
what is a gene?
a gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein.
what is messenger RNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in he nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids.
what controls the variety of shapes and functions of proteins?
the variety of shapes and functions in proteins arises from the sequence of amino acids.
what kind of functions do proteins have?
functions such as structural, enzymes, hormones antibodies and receptors.
what are enzymes?
Enzymes function as biological catalysts and are made by all living cells.
they speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process.
the shape of the active site of an enzyme molecule is complementary to its specific substrate(S).
enzyme action results in product(s).
enzymes can be involved in degradation and synthesis reactions.
examples should relate enzymes to tiger specific substrate(s) and product(s).
when is an enzyme most active?
each enzyme is most active in its most optimum conditions. enzymes and other proteins can be affected by temp and PH.
Enzymes can be denatured resulting in a change in their shape which will affect the rate of reaction.
