Nutrition & CVD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 main types of CVD?

A

Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Deep Vein Thrombosis & pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

What is rheumatic heart disease?

A

A streptococcal bacterial infection causes rheumatic fever which damages heart muscle and valves.

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3
Q

What is rheumatic fever?

A

When the bodies antibodies attack your own tissue instead of the invading infection, particularly the heart

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4
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A sudden localised loss of brain function due to a lack of blood flow because of ischaemia or haemorrhage.

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5
Q

What vessels are affected by peripheral vascular disease?

A

Aorta, Iliac & Leg arteries usually

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6
Q

What is the main cause of cardiovascular disease?

A

Atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits and plague build up within the arteries slowing the flow of blood and increasing risk of thrombosis.

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7
Q

What dietary factors promote atherogenesis?

A

High cholesterol
“ Saturated FA
“ Trans FA
“ Sodium
Alcohol

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8
Q

What do Saturated FA do to promote atherogenesis?

A

They inhibit LDL receptors so cholesterol isnt internalised in cells thus inducing hypercholesterolemia

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9
Q

What do trans fats do to promote atherogenesis?

A

Raise LDL cholesterol and plasma TAG whilst lowering HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol)

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10
Q

What are the benefits of replacing sat fats, trans fats with other energy sources?

A

Replacing 1% of your energy intake from sat fats with unsat fats reduces CHD risk by 2-3%
Doing the same with trans fats reduces risk by 12%

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11
Q

What does sodium intake do to cause CVD?

A

Lots of salt increases renal reabsorption of water thus increasing plasma volume and BP. This increases your risk of thrombosis

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12
Q

What effect does alcohol have on CVD?

A

It increases blood pressure thus increasing risk of thrombosis and stroke

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13
Q

What dietary factors are anti-atherogenic?

A

PUFA (A Sat Fat substitute)
A carbohydrate rich diet
NSP (non starch polysaccharide)
MUFA (monounsaturated FA, replaces Sat Fats and lowers LDL & total cholesterol)
Antioxidants

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14
Q

What is PUFA?

A

A Sat Fat substitue, comes in several types
N-6 PUFA lowers HDL & LDL
N-3 PUFA lowers TAG and is an anti-inflammatory & anti-thrombotic. (found in fish oil)

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15
Q

What effect does blood omega-3 FA level have on risk of sudden cardiac death?

A

Higher blood Omega-3 FA level massively reduces risk

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16
Q

What are the effect of whole wheat flour vs white flour?

A

eating ~3 portions a day of Whole wheat flour & oats/barley can reduce risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) by 20-30%