Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?

A

Restrictive - Stiffening of Myocardium
Hypertrophic - hypertrophy of myocardium
Dilated - Dilation of ventricles

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2
Q

What causes DCM?

A
  • Genetics e.g. Muscular Dystrophy
  • Drugs/alcohol/chemicals
  • Endocrine disorders
  • Inflammation
  • Injury
  • Idiopathic
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3
Q

How does DCM present?

A

Fatigue - Dyspnoea/Orthopnea/PND - Oedema - Cough

Weak Pulses - Raised JVP - Tachycardia - Audible S3

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4
Q

How is DCM tested for?

A

CXR - Pulm congestion + Cardiomegaly
MRI
Biopsy - Visibally stretched fibres
ECG
Echo - Dilated ventricles
ESR + FBC - Polycythaemia

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5
Q

How do we treat DCM?

A

Reduce Strain - Diuretic + ACEI + Spironlactone
Increase COntractility - Digoxin
Prevent Vfib - ICD
Warfarin -> Reduce Thrombus risk
Treat Cause
Heart Transplant

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6
Q

What causes RCM?

A

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis
Fibrosis - MI, drugs, radiation, idiopathic
Genetics
Diabetes

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7
Q

How does RCM present?

A

Cough - Chest Pain - Dyspnoea/Orthopnea - Oedema - Ascites - Fatigue
Hepatomegaly
Raised JVP - Tachycardia - Audible S3/4

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8
Q

How do we test for RCM?

A

Serum Fe - Haemochromatosis
Biopsy - Visible sarcoid/amyloidosis
ECHO - biatrial enlargement and patchy fibrosis from infiltrative disease
MRI
CXR - Pulm congestion + normal heart size
Biopsy - Visible amyloid and sarcoid
ECG

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9
Q

How do we treat RCM?

A

Treat the cause
ICD
Heart Transplant
Warfarin -> Prevent Thrombus
B-blockers - ACEI - Diuretic -> Reduce strain on heart

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10
Q

What causes HCM?

A

Purely genetic in origin
Comes with growth of interventricular septum to occlude aortic valve

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11
Q

How does HCM present?

A

Asymptomatic until the valve is occluded or the heart cant pump enough blood anymore:
Fatigue - Chest Pain - Dyspnoea - Palpitations - Tachycardia - Presyncope - Exertional Arrythmias

Notched Pulse - Raised JVP - Audible S4 - Systolic ejection murmur worse on valsalva

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12
Q

How do we test for HCM?

A

ECG
ECHO - Visible hypertrophy and smaller chambers
MRI
Biopsy - myocyte dissaray
CXR - Cardiomegaly + Pulm congestion
Genetic Testing

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13
Q

How do we treat HCM?

A

Heart Transplant
Warfarin
Beta blockers + reduce exercise/stress
ICD
Surgical mitral repair
Surgical removal (myomectomy) or repair of outgrowing section of IV septum (percutaneous septal ablation)

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