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Guildsomm > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Governing body for Spain’s wine

A

Consejo Regulador

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2
Q

What seperates Spain from France

A

Pyrenees Mountains

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3
Q

Spain generally has a …. climate with 3 major exceptions:

A

mediterranean
exceptions:
“Green Spain” in NW
Meseta - more continental
Eastern and southern coasts hot mediterranean

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4
Q

5 most important white grapes

A

Albarino
Airen
Macabeo
Palomino
Verdejo

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5
Q

What does “rancio” indicate?

A

Oxidative aging

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6
Q

Mazuelo aka

A

Carinena

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7
Q

t/f: Spain is home to many old Carinena vines

A

true

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8
Q

Where is Carinena indigenous to?

A

Aragon

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9
Q

Garnacha is indigenous to …

A

Aragon

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10
Q

t/f: Monastrell is indigenous to Spain

A

true

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11
Q

5 most important red grapes

A

Tempranillo
Garnacha
Carinena
Monastrell
Mencia

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12
Q

Spain’s “table wine” quality category

A

Vino de Mesa

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13
Q

Spain’s equivalent to IGP

A

Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

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14
Q

Spain’s 3 PDO level classifcations

A

VCIG
Do
DOCa

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15
Q

What does “Vino de Pago” indicate

A

single-estate DOP wines that exist outside of established DOs

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16
Q

Aging requirements for Spanish red wine

A

Crianza 2 years (6 barrel)
Reserva 3 years (12 barrel)
Gran Reserva 5 years (18 barrel)

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17
Q

Aging requirements for Spanish white wine

A

Crianza 18 (6 mo barrel)
Reserva 2 years (6 mo barrel)
Gran Reserva 4 years (6 mo barrel)

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18
Q

Define these terms: “noble” “anejo” “viejo”

A

noble - 18 months aging cask or bottle
anejo - 24 months aging cask or bottle
viejo - 36 months aging with oxidative character

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19
Q

“bodega” means

A

winery

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20
Q

“cosecha” means

A

vintage

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21
Q

spanish term for vintage

A

cosecha

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22
Q

“dulce” means

A

sweet

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23
Q

term for sparkling

A

“espumoso”

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24
Q

“finca” means …

A

farm/estate

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25
Q

what does “roble” indicate

A

oak - a young wine that has seen brief oak

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26
Q

“vendimia” means

A

vintage

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27
Q

vina, vinedo translate to…

A

vineyard

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28
Q

“vino tinto” means

A

red wine

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29
Q

Which autonomous community is home to the most Vinos de Pago?

A

Castilla-La Mancha

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30
Q

Galicia is best known for the production of crisp ____ wines

A

white

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31
Q

Name 4 important indigenous varities of Galicia

A

Albarino
Godello
Treixadura
Mencia

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32
Q

Name the 5 DOs of Galicia

A

Rias Baixas
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras
Monterrei

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33
Q

What is to the north of Galicia?

A

Bay of Biscay

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34
Q

4/5 DOs of Galicia are centered around this river

A

River Mino

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35
Q

Galicia’s only DO that specializes in red wine

A

Ribeira Sacra

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36
Q

Top white grape of Valdeorras DO

A

Godello

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37
Q

Where is Valdeorras DO?

A

Galicia

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38
Q

Godello is often compared to this grape

A

Chardonnay

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39
Q

This grape native to Portugal is often used in Galicia blends to add body and alcohol

A

Treixadura

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40
Q

This native Galician grape is often blended with treixadura and albarino. Add acidity and low alcohol to blend

A

Loureira

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41
Q

This grape makes red wines known for a light, fruity style. Atypical to the Spanish style.

A

Mencia

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42
Q

Mencia is famously cultivated in these two DOs

A

Bierzo
Ribeira Sacra

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43
Q

Noteworthy plantings of this grape in Ribeiro DO. Makes light, tart red wines

A

Caino Tinto

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44
Q

t/f: wines labeled Rías Baixas Albariño must be 100% varietal

A

true

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45
Q

Rias Baixas has how many subzones

A

5

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46
Q

Name the 3 most important subzones of Rias Baixas

A

O rosal
Condado do
Val do Salnes

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47
Q

O Rosal is a subzone of …

A

Rias Baixas

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48
Q

Describe the differences between these subzones: O rosal, Condado do Tea, Val do Salnes

A

O rosal: ripe, floral wines
Condado do Tea: rich, full bodied
Val do Salnes: classic Albarino; acidic and salinity

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49
Q

Name the traditional trellis system used in Rias Baixas

A

Pergula

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50
Q

What does the term “colleiteiro” signify on a bottle of Galician wine?

A

winemaker

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51
Q

“adega” means

A

winery

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52
Q

“barrica” translates to …

A

barrel

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53
Q

What is Vino Tostado?

A

dried grape wine produced in Ribeiro

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54
Q

Which subzone of Rias Baixas produces Albarino with great acidity + salinity

A

Val do Salnes

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55
Q

Rioja is bisected by this river

A

Ebro

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56
Q

Rioja is shielded from the north by this moutain range

A

Cantabrian

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57
Q

Rioja DOCa has territory in these 3 autonomous communities

A

La Rioja
Basque Country
Navarra

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58
Q

The 3 sectors of Rioja

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

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59
Q

What year did Rioja receive DOCa status

A

1991

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60
Q

tempranillo is named for …

A

its tendency to ripen early

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61
Q

tinto fino is a synonym for …

A

tempranillo

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62
Q

Tinto del Pais is a synonym for …

A

tempranillo

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63
Q

In which Rioja subregion does Garnacha dominate?

A

Rioja Oriental

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64
Q

t/f: Ribera del Duero often features international grapes in its blend

A

true

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65
Q

t/f: most wineries in Ribera del Duero have been established in the past 30 years

A

true

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66
Q

Name a classic pairing for red Rioja

A

Lamb

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67
Q

Carinena is called …. in Rioja

A

Mazuelo

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68
Q

Red grapes for Rioja

A

Tempranillo
Garnacha
Graciano
Mazuelo

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69
Q

Macabeo is known as … in Rioja

A

Viura

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70
Q

Main grape for white Rioja

A

Viura ( aka Macabeo)

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71
Q

Graciano adds … to the structure of Rioja

A

acidity

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72
Q

The historic center for wine production in Rioja

A

Rioja Alta

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73
Q

Rioja Alavesa is (north/south/west/east) of Rioja Alta

A

north

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74
Q

Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa have predominantly this soil

A

clay/limestone

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75
Q

t/f: Rioja makes a fortified wine

A

false

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76
Q

t/f: Rioja makes a rose wine

A

true

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77
Q

What town is Rioja Alta’s historic center for production?

A

Haro

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78
Q

Rioja Alavesa is located within which autonomous community?

A

Basque Country

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79
Q

Body of water east of Catalonia

A

Mediterranean sea

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80
Q

Priorat is famojus for its _____ soils

A

licorella

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81
Q

The only stylistic DO of Spain

A

Cava

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82
Q

Why is Cava DO not contiguous?

A

Cava DO covers pockets of land (both within and outisde of Catalonia) that coincide with the vineyards of many producers throughout Spain who were known for producing Cava when the DO was established in 1991

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83
Q

This DO shapes as a donut surrounding Prior and also makes powerful reds based on Garnacha and Carinena

A

Montsant DO

84
Q

This region is known primarily as the center of Cava production

A

Penedes DO

85
Q

Catalonia’s most important DOs

A

Catalunya DO
Cava DO
Montsant DO
Penedes DO
Priorat DOQ

86
Q

Priorat received DOCa status in this year

A

2009

87
Q

Winemaking in this region dates back to the 12th century, when Carthusian monks established the Cartuja of Scala Dei

A

Priorat DOCa

88
Q

Priorat’s “Village Wine” category

A

Vi de Vila

89
Q

llicorella soil is composed of …

A

black slate and quartz

90
Q

Samso is another for …

A

Carinena (in Priorat)

91
Q

Priorat is home to this famous monastery

A

Scala Dei

92
Q

95% of Cava production comes from…

A

Catalonia (particulary Penedes)

93
Q

The Spanish are credited with the popularization of the ….., which mechanized the riddling process

A

gyropalette

94
Q

t/f: pinot noir and chardonnay may be used for Cava

A

true

95
Q

top 3 grapes for Cava production

A

Macabeo
Xarel-lo
Parellada

96
Q

Flavor wise, Cava is typically …

A

Slightly earthy with citrus

97
Q

How is Cava classified?

A

by the amount of time spent on lees before disgorgement

98
Q

The 4 Cava classifications

A

Cava (9)
Reserva (15)
Gran Reserva (30)
Cava de Paraje (36)

99
Q

requirements for Cava de Paraje

A

single estate, hand harvest from 10yr+ old vines, vintage, 36 mo on lees

100
Q

t/f: Cava is typically hand riddled

A

false. gyropallete is the norm

101
Q

t/f: Cava’s sweetness classifications mirrors Champagnet

A

true

102
Q

a standard gyropallete holds … bottle

A

504

103
Q

a gyropallete completes the riddling process in … week, as opposed to .. week if done by hand

A

1 / 6

104
Q

How is rose Cava made?

A

red grapes are vinified into rose (no blending is alllowed)

105
Q

What is “Classic Penedes”

A

subclassification within Penedes DO for sparkling wines. Tighter restrictions than Cava DO

106
Q

What is Corpinnat?

A

category of sparkling wine made from an association of quality-minded producers in Penedes. Wines come from a smaller delimited zone from within Penedes. Strict requirements

107
Q

Corpinnat must be made with minimum __% native grapes

A

90

108
Q

t/f: all grapes used fro Corpinnat production must be organic and hand harvested

A

true

109
Q

Tarragona DO is primarily known for its production of…

A

vermouth

110
Q

Major city located in Catalonia

A

Barcelona

111
Q

How many months minimum must Cava spend on the lees?

A

9

112
Q

permitted dosage for Brut Cava

A

0-12 g/l

113
Q

Autonomous community that Sherry is made within

A

Andalusia

114
Q

Pedro Ximinez grown in …… may be used for blending (Sherry)

A

Montilla-Moriles

115
Q

These cities make up the Sherry triangle

A

Sanlucar de Barrameda
Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria

116
Q

The first DO in Spain, established in 1933

A

Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO

117
Q

PX grapes in Montilla-Moriles are …. for several weeks prior to fermentation

A

sun dried

118
Q

Moscatel aka

A

Muscat of Alexandria

119
Q

Listan Blanco is another name for …

A

Palomino

120
Q

The two prevailing winds of the Sherry Triangle

A

Levante - hot, dry; intensifies heat; blows from the Mediterranean
Poniente - cool, humid; moderates the region; blows from the Atlantic

121
Q

The soil that occupies 80% of the Sherry Triangle

A

Albariza

122
Q

Benefits of Albareza soil

A

excellent water retention + reflects sunlight to help ripen grapes

123
Q

The 3 soil types of Jerez

A

Albariza
barros (brown clay)
arenas (sand)

124
Q

What is Albariza soil

A

Chalk mixed with some limestone, clay, and sand. Very similar to soil found in Champagne and Chablis

125
Q

What happens at the end of fermentation of the base wine (Sherry)?

A

The cellar master (capataz) tastes the base wine and decides its stylistic fate

126
Q

flor converts alcohol to …

A

acetaldehyde

127
Q

acetaldehyde has flavors of..

A

nuts and apples

128
Q

Flor also feasts on ….; makes the wine taste fresher and lighter

A

glycerol

129
Q

What does flor do?

A

Feeds on alcohol and glycerol and protects wine from oxygen

130
Q

What affect does oxidative aging have?

A

results in darker wine with nutty aromas

131
Q

Wines destined for biological aging are fortified to … % ABV

A

15-15.5% ABV

132
Q

Wines destined for oxidate aging are fortified to … % ABV

A

17-18

133
Q

What kind of barrel is used in the Solera system?

A

used American oak barrels (“Butts”)

134
Q

How is amontillado sherry made?

A

Aged under flor to begin their life. Then fortified a 2nd time to kill the flor and aged oxidatively

135
Q

The richest style of dry Sherry

A

Oloroso

136
Q

What is “En Rama” Sherry?

A

En Rama Sherry sees minimal filtering; result is a more complex, slightly hazy Fino

137
Q

t/f: sweet styles of Sherry account for about half of Sherry sales worldwide

A

true

138
Q

Name the styles of Sweet Sherry

A

Pale Cream
Medium
Cream
Pedro Ximenez

139
Q

What is Pale Cream Sherry?

A

Lightly sweet. typically made with fino/manzanilla and sweetened with fortified grape must

140
Q

Medium Sherry typically uses …. as its base

A

Amontillado

141
Q

Cream Sherry uses … as its base

A

Oloroso

142
Q

Which sweet style Sherry uses Amontillado as its base?

A

Medium

143
Q

VOS and VORS meanings

A

VOS - made from a solera whose average wine is min. 20 years old
VORS - made from a solera whose average wine is min 30 years old

144
Q

Size of a “butt”

A

500l or 600l

145
Q

When is Palo Cortado made?

A

When the richness of a wine aged under flor exceeds expectations, the cellar master may fortify the wine to 17% and begin aging the wine oxidatively

146
Q

The only style of Sherry defined by its taste, not its aging process

A

Palo Cortado

147
Q

Which grape is most associated with Montilla-Moriles?

A

Pedro Ximenez

148
Q

The Canary Islands are located off the coast of …

A

Morocco

149
Q

Deep volcanic ash pits used to shelter vines from the trade winds in the Canary Islands

A

hoyos

150
Q

Criolla Chica, Mission, Pais are all synonyms for this grape

A

Listan Prieto

151
Q

The Canary islands have a …. climate

A

subtropical

152
Q

Listan Blanco aka

A

Palomino

153
Q

… is a vine training system in which cordons are braided along the ground

A

Trenzado

154
Q

Which grape is credited for producing the Canary Islands’ best reds?

A

Listan Negro

155
Q

The Canary Islands are just south of…

A

Madeira

156
Q

Which two native grapes are grown in the Balearic Islands?

A

Manta Negro and Callet

157
Q

The tallest mountain in Spain

A

Mt Teide

158
Q

Number of DOs in the Canary Islands

A

10

159
Q

The Balearic Islands have _ DOs

A

2

160
Q

Which Canary Island is home to Mount Teide?

A

Tenerife

161
Q

the 2 most important Canary Islands

A

Tenerife
Lanzarote

162
Q

Where is Lanzarote?

A

Canary Islands

163
Q

The vines of the Canary Islands are largely planted on…

A

volcanic soil

164
Q

t/f: phylloxera has never affected the Canary Islands

A

true

165
Q

What are the effects of the phylloxera never taking hold in the Canary Island?

A

Lots of old vines planted on their own rootstock

166
Q

The …. of Lanzarote are deep volcanic ash pits (protects of the winds)

A

hoyos

167
Q

These savage winds affect the Canary Islands

A

vientos alisios (trade winds)

168
Q

The 3 important whtie grapes of the Canary Islands

A

Listan Blanco
Malvasia
Malvasia Volcanica

169
Q

3 most important red grapes of the Canary Islands

A

Listan Negro
Listan Prieto
Negramoll

170
Q

The 2 island autonomous communities of Spain

A

Canary Islands
Balearic Islands

171
Q

in which direction does the Duero river flow

A

east (towards Portugal)

172
Q

__ DOs in Castilla y Leon

A

9

173
Q

RbD must contain at least __% tempranillo

A

75

174
Q

White grapes of Castilla y Leon

A

Verdejo, Malvasia, Godello

175
Q

Bierzo DO is situated along the ___ River

A

Sil

176
Q

In Ruedo, Verdejo is often blended with …

A

SB

177
Q

Vega Sicilia’s flagship wine

A

Unico

178
Q

In comparison to Rioja, tempranillo finds a …. expression in RdD

A

darker, firmer

179
Q

RdD is unique for its cultivation of …. grapes

A

Bordeaux

180
Q

Tempranillo is also known as …. in RdD

A

tinto fino
tinto del pais

181
Q

t/f: carinena is authorized for RdD production

A

false

182
Q

This DO is Castilla y Leon is close to Portugal and requires at least 75% tempranillo. whites, rosado, and clarete is also produced

A

Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO

183
Q

This DO is Castilla y Leon borders Portugal

A

Arribes DO

184
Q

Which 2 DOs are located in the mountainous NW of Castilla y Leon

A

Bierzo DO
Tierra de Leon DO

185
Q

t/f: castilla y leon is spain’s largest autonomous community by area

A

true

186
Q

RdD’s top white grape

A

albillo mayor

187
Q

this grape is sometimes blended in small amounts to red wines in RdD

A

Albillo Mayor

188
Q

La Mancho DO is know for…

A

Europe’s largest wine region. Mass produced Airen (big chunk for distillation) and basic tempranillo

189
Q

define “vinos de pago”

A

single estate wine judged to be a top vineyard site

190
Q

Basque Country is home to these 3 DOs

A

Getariako Txakolina
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina

191
Q

Txakoli white wines are made from..

A

Hondarrabi Zuri

192
Q

Jumilla DO is located within this autonomous community

A

Murcia

193
Q

t/f: Jumilla’s sandy soils resisted phylloxera until the 1980s

A

true

194
Q

Alicante DO is associated with the cultivation of this grape

A

Monastrell

195
Q

Monastrell has historically been made into …. within Alicante DO

A

Fondillon

196
Q

What is Fondillon?

A

sweet wine made with extremely ripe Monastrell grapes in a Solera system.

197
Q

In what ways is Fondillon different than Sherry?

A

Fondillon is not fortified and does carry oak flavor

198
Q

Alicante DO is located within which AC

A

Valencia

199
Q

Basque Country is also know for..

A

Ciders

200
Q

What does Loureira bring to a blend?

A

acidity + lower alcohol

201
Q

This region produces Vino Tostado, a dried grape wine

A

Ribeiro DO

202
Q

Which grapes are sometimes blended with Verdejo in Rueda DO?

A

SB and Macabeo

203
Q

Graciano adds what to the structue of Rioja?

A

Aciditiy

204
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO is located along these two rivers

A

Sil + Mino

205
Q

t/f: grapes for Caba de Paraje must be organically farmed

A

FALSE

206
Q

Rioja Alavesa is located in which autonomous community

A

Basque Country

Guildsomm (31 decks)

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