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ANS > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What two types of roughages are there?

A

carbonaceous and proteinaceous

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2
Q

What two types of sources do concentrates come from?

A

Animal and plant

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3
Q

What are the two nutritional additives?

A

Vitamins and minerals

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4
Q

What are non-nutritional additives?

A

feed binders, therapeutants, probiotics, enzyme supplements, flavorings

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5
Q

What is crude fiber (CF)?

A

the total amount of fiber present in the feed including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

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6
Q

What are the three classifications of feed?

A

Roughages, concentrates, and additives

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7
Q

what does TMR mean?

A

Total mix rations

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8
Q

T/F Roughages are high in fiber

A

True

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9
Q

T/F Fiber is cellulose

A

True

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10
Q

T/F Cellulolytic bacteria regulates pH

A

True

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11
Q

hay is a what type of method?

A

preservation method based on removal of water

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12
Q

silage is what type of method?

A

a preservation method based on acidification by fermentation

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13
Q

Grasses like bermuda, fescue, timothy, and crop reside are what

A

carbonaceous roughages

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14
Q

legumes like alfalfa and clover are what

A

proteinaceous roughages

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15
Q

What is crude protein (CP)?

A

the total amount of protein present in the feed

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16
Q

grains and seeds are what?

A

energy rich concentrates

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17
Q

animal/plant meals/sources are what?

A

protein rich concentrates

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18
Q

corn, wheat, barley, milo, and oats are examples of what?

A

energy rich concentrates

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19
Q

meat and bone meal, blood meal, and fish meal are examples of what?

A

animal protein rich concentrates

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20
Q

cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and linseed meal are examples of what?

A

plant protein rich concentrates

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21
Q

what two types of additives are there?

A

nutrient and non nutrient additives

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22
Q

How much crude protein do animals sourced concentrates have?

A

60-90% CP

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23
Q

How much crude protein does plant based concentrates have?

A

30-45% CP

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24
Q

What are vitamins and minerals?

A

nutrient additives

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25
Q

Change with physical:

A

weight/size, stage of production, level of production, work, age

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26
Q

change with environment:

A

climate, physical activity, diseases/parasites

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27
Q

What percent of water is an animal?

A

60%

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28
Q

What percent of protein is an animal?

A

16%

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29
Q

What percent of fat is an animal?

A

2-20%

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30
Q

What percent of ash is an animal?

A

4%

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31
Q

What is required by animals?

A

water, energy, proteins, vitamins, minerals

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32
Q

What is provided by feed?

A

water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

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33
Q

What is the exception of water loss?

A

camel

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34
Q

What is the most limiting nutrient?

A

energy

35
Q

What are the two components of energy?

A

carbohydrates and lipids

36
Q

What three types of carbs are there?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharide, and polysaccharides

37
Q

monosaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

A

one

38
Q

disaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

A

2

39
Q

polysaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

A

more than 2

40
Q

examples of monosaccharides?

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose

41
Q

examples of disaccharaides?

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

42
Q

what is sucrose?

A

glucose and fructose

43
Q

what is lactose?

A

glucose and galactose

44
Q

what is maltose?

A

glucose and glucose

45
Q

examples of polysaccharides?

A

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

46
Q

starch and cellulose are found where?

A

cell walls in plants

47
Q

glycogen is found where?

A

muscles and liver of animals

48
Q

starch has what digestion?

A

chemical and microbial

49
Q

cellulose is broken down how?

A

microbial digestion

50
Q

glycogen is broken down how?

A

chemical and microbial digesion

51
Q

What plays a primary role as an energy substrate?

A

VFA’s

52
Q

Lipids have how much more energy than carbs?

A

2.25% more

53
Q

What types of lipids are there?

A

triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipid

54
Q

how does energy escape?

A

fecal, urine, gasses, and heat

55
Q

what is the process to net energy?

A

gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolic energy (ME), net energy (NE), maintenance

56
Q

where does fecal energy get released?

A

gross energy (GE)

57
Q

where does urine and gasses energy get released?

A

digestible energy (DE)

58
Q

where does heat energy get released?

A

metabolic energy (ME)

59
Q

what classification are amino acids?

A

proteins

60
Q

Where are amino acids found?

A

muscle, tendon, ligament, connective tissues

61
Q

Where do monogastrics get protein?

A

diet

62
Q

where do ruminants get protein?

A

diet and digested microbes

63
Q

what minerals are required in greater proportion?

A

macrominerals

64
Q

how many macrominerals are there?

A

7

65
Q

What are the 7 macrominerals?

A

phosphorus, calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, sodium

66
Q

what are required in lower proportions?

A

microminerals

67
Q

how many microminerals are there?

A

11

68
Q

what are the 11 microminerals?

A

iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, boron, manganese

69
Q

what is calcium used for?

A

bone, teeth, nerve, and muscle function

70
Q

what is sodium, potassium, and chlorine used for?

A

osmotic balance, nerve function, muscle function

71
Q

what is iodine used for?

A

thyroid hormones, T3/T4 metabolic rate, iodized salt

72
Q

what is goiter?

A

irregular growth of thyroid gland

73
Q

what is iron used for?

A

hemoglobin, oxygen transport

74
Q

what two types of vitamins are there?

A

fat-soluble and water-soluble

75
Q

what vitamins are fat-soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

76
Q

what vitamins are water-soluble?

A

C, B-complex

77
Q

what does vitamin A do?

A

cell growth

78
Q

what does vitamin D do?

A

bone formation

79
Q

what does vitamin E do?

A

red blood cells

80
Q

what does vitamin K do?

A

clotting factors

81
Q

what do B-complex vitamins do?

A

metabolism

82
Q

what does vitamin C do?

A

antioxidant

83
Q

what is the deficiency of vitamin C called?

A

scurvy

84
Q

what happens if you don’t get enough vitamin C?

A

bleeding gums, swollen gums, loose teeth, weak bones, hemorrhaging

ANS (13 decks)

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