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Ellie-NUR 265 > Heart and Vessels > Flashcards

Heart and Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

diastole is when the heart is…

A

resting

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2
Q

systole is when the heart is…

A

working

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3
Q

what is the order of blood flow through the cardiac valves

A

tricupsid, pulmonic, mitral, aorta

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4
Q

what is happening during s1

A

closing of mitral and tricuspid valves (lub)

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5
Q

what is happening during s2

A

closing of pulmonic and aortic valves (dub)

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6
Q

why would an s3 sound occur

A

volume overload problem, pregnancy, children and adolescents, heart failure, and problems with mitral or tricuspid valve

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7
Q

why would an s4 sound occur

A

stiff ventricles problem, normal in athletes

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8
Q

murmur heard in systole indicates

A

aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation

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9
Q

murmur heard in diastole indicates

A

aortic regurgitation
pulmonic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis

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10
Q

what is angina

A

chest pain

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11
Q

what is dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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12
Q

what is nocturnal dyspnea

A

SOB while sleeping

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13
Q

what is orthopnea

A

SOB when lying flat

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14
Q

what is nocturia

A

getting up to urinate at night

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15
Q

list some risk factors

A

hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes

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16
Q

what does blowing or swishing of the carotid indicate

A

bruit

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17
Q

anatomic change of heart that happens during pregnancy

A

pushed upward and forward and to the left, PMI 4th IC space, MC line

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18
Q

What is the blood volume, cardiac output, and HR increase in pregnant women

A

30-50% blood volume
HR increase of 10-20 bpm
increase of cardiac output by 30-50%

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19
Q

does bp increase or decrease during pregnancy and why

A

decreases bc of peripheral vasodilation

20
Q

what is considered bradycardia in newborns

A

<90 bpm

21
Q

what is considered bradycardia in children

A

<60 bpm

22
Q

what is tachypnea

A

breathing fast

23
Q

list the risk factors for coronary artery disease

A

diabetes
hyperlipidemia
obesity
age
gender
lifestyle

24
Q

why is diabetes a risk factor for CAD

A

it destroys vessels

25
Q

why is hyperlipidemia a risk factor for CAD

A

LDL cholesterol builds up and blood can’t flow through vessels as easy

26
Q

why is obesity a risk factor for CAD

A

puts strain on heart

27
Q

why is age a risk factor for CAD

A

35-64 year olds have an increased risk for CAD

28
Q

why is gender a risk factor for CAD

A

males are more likely to get CAD until women go through menopause (becomes equally as likely)

29
Q

what lifestyle factors are a risk factor for CAD

A

sedentary lifestyle
diet (saturated fat)
smoking

30
Q

symptoms of MI in women

A

Fatigue
Sleep Disturbance
Shortness of breath
Indigestion, nausea
Radiating, aching pain
Flushed

31
Q

prevention techniques for MI’s

A

Behavior modification (stress reduction techniques)
Smoking cessation
Better diet
Weight reduction

32
Q

what are the cardiac changes in elderly

A

Gradual increase in systolic BP
Arteriosclerosis
Left ventricular wall thickens
Increased incidence of dysrhythmias
EKG changes
Orthostatic hypotension

33
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries (lose elasticity)

34
Q

what is a dysrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

35
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension

A

low bp from sitting to standing. BP changes when you change position (lying, sitting up, standing)

36
Q

what is happening when someone has right sided heart failure

A

right chamber lost ability to pump

37
Q

list the symptoms of right sided heart failure

A

fatigue
increased peripheral venous pressure
ascites
enlarged liver and spleen
may be secondary to chronic pulmonary problems
distended jugular veins
anorexia and complaints of GI distress
weight gain
dependent edema

38
Q

what is ascites

A

extra fluid in the abdomen

39
Q

why is anorexia and complaints of GI distress a symptom of right sided heart failure

A

organs are enlarged and extra fluid is present

40
Q

the right side of the heart receives blood from..

A

the body

41
Q

what is dependent edema

A

edema caused my gravity

42
Q

list the symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
pulmonary congestion
restlessness
confusion
orthopnea
tachycardia
exertional dyspnea
fatigue
cyanosis

43
Q

what is tachypnea

A

fast breathing

44
Q

what is exertional dyspnea

A

SOB when moving (walking)

45
Q

where does the left side of the heart receive blood from

A

the lungs

46
Q

what happens in left sided heart failure

A

left side loses ability to contract

Ellie-NUR 265 (10 decks)

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