Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Diseases Test 1 > Flashcards

Diseases Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology?

A
  • Antigens and antibodies form immune complexes, deposited into tissue
  • Increased permeability, causes edema
  • Pannus forms over join
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis risk factors?

A
  • Female
  • Asthma
  • Family hstry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis expected findings?

A
  • Decreased mobility
  • Erythema
  • Pain
  • Edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis lab tests?

A
    • ANA test
  • Elevated serum ESR
  • Radiograph to visualize joint damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis symptom management?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory, immune suppressive
  • Physical therapy
  • Splint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute Sinusitis pathophysiology?

A
  • Outflow of mucous blocked
  • Blocked by protective cilia or altered mucous quality/quantity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute Sinusitis risk factors?

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Chronic respiratory allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sinusitis Symptoms?

A
  • Sinus facial pain
  • Fever
  • Nasal congestion
  • Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sinusitis lab tests?

A
  • ESR
  • WBC
  • Xray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute Sinusitis treatment

A
  • Antihistamine, decongestant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic Sinusitis pathophysiology?

A
  • Multifactorial inflammation
  • Environment
  • Genetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic Sinusitis treatment?

A
  • Nasal saline irrigation
  • Antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acromegaly pathophysiology?

A
  • Hyperplasia by increased GH lvl
  • Somatostatin not lowering GH
  • GH stimulates IGF-1, increased growth in bones, organs, and cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acromegaly findings?

A
  • Abnormal growth
  • Deep voice
  • Heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acromegaly lab tests?

A
  • High IGF in blood work
  • Glucose tolerance testing; positive is GH high after 1 hr of exposure to glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acromegaly treatment?

A
  • Somatostatin analog
  • GH antagonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cervical Dysplasia pathophysiology?

A
  • Presence of abnormal cells in cervical lining
  • Transformation zone common place for abnormal cells to develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cervical Metaplasia Risk factors?

A
  • Early sexual activity
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Exposure to HPV
  • Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cervical Metaplasia Symptoms?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cervical Metaplasia/Dysplasia lab work?

A
  • Pap Smear
  • Colposcopy
  • Take cells from endo and exo cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cervical Metaplasia/Dysplasia Treatment?

A
  • Remove superficial cells
  • Cyrosurgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cervical Metaplasia pathophysiology?

A
  • Estrogen levels decreased
  • Conversion of one cell type to another in cervical lining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute Gastritis patho?

A
  • alcohol or ibuprofen consumption
  • decrease gastric mucosa
  • redness, erosion, perforation of stomach lining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chronic gastritis patho?

A
  • H. Pylori releases enzyme that neutralize gastric acid and makes toxin that destroys mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gastritis risk factors

A
  • Alcohol
  • Ibuprofen or aspirin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Gastritis findings?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • dyspnea
  • vomiting
  • hiccups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Gastritis lab test?

A
  • Occult blood stool test
  • Endoscopy visualizes stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gastritis signs of concern?

A
  • If vomiting blood = perforation of stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gastritis treatment?

A
  • Removal of irritant
  • If infection: antibiotic
  • If autoimmune: anti-inflammatory
30
Q

Ulcerative colitis patho?

A
  • Autoimmune linked
  • Starts in distal end of rectum and extends to descending colon
  • Erosions develop
  • Necrosis and ulceration are common
31
Q

Ulcerative colitis findings?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fever
32
Q

Ulcerative colitis test?

A
  • Endoscopy
33
Q

Ulcerative colitis treatment?

A
  • anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhea
  • Healthy diet and adequate fluid intake
34
Q

Ulcerative colitis risk reduction?

A
  • Avoid milk, caffeine, spicy foods
35
Q

Crohn patho?

A
  • Chronic inflammation in patchy segments
  • Increased permeability; edema
  • Thickening bowel wall from edema
  • Ulcers can form, forming fistulas
36
Q

Crohn risk factors?

A
  • Family hstry
  • Smoking
  • Poor diet
37
Q

Crohn expected findings?

A
  • Rapid stool transit time
  • Intestial edema
  • Loss of absorption function
  • Abdominal pain, occult blood, diarrhea
38
Q

Crohn tests?

A
  • Sigmoidoscopy; check for cobblestone pattern
  • Radiographs
  • Stool culture to rule out infection
39
Q

Crohn treatment?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Dietary changes
  • Increase calories, increase protein, decrease fat, decrease fiber
40
Q

Pancreatitis patho?

A
  • Injury to acinar cells, pancreatic duct
  • Injury triggers blockage of enzymatic pathways, and inflammation
  • Increased vascular permeability; edema
41
Q

Pancreatitis risk factor?

A
  • Alcohol consumption
42
Q

Pancreatitis Expected findings?

A
  • Upper abdominal pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Anorexia
43
Q

Pancreatitis tests?

A
  • CBC
  • Ultrasound
44
Q

Pancreatitis treatment?

A
  • Aggressive IV hydration
  • NPO
  • Analgesics for pain
  • Surgical removal of gallstones
45
Q

Cardia Hypertrophy patho?

A
  • High BP causes left ventricle to work harder
  • Muscle builds up
  • Perfusion to heart muscle decreases
46
Q

Cardia Hypertrophy risk factors?

A
  • Family history
  • Hypertension
47
Q

Cardia Hypertrophy expected findings?

A
  • No symptoms
  • Sudden death
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
48
Q

Cardia Hypertrophy Test?

A
  • Echocardiogram
  • ECG
49
Q

Cardia Hypertrophy treatment?

A
  • Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
  • ACE inhibitor
50
Q

Cerebral Atrophy patho?

A
  • Destruction of neurons, loss of neurotransmitter production
  • Reduced perfusion to brain
  • Neurons decrease in size
51
Q

Cerebral Atrophy risk factors??

A
  • Low B vitamins
  • Reduction in physical and intellectual activity
52
Q

Cerebral Atrophy Findings?

A
  • Loss of speech
  • Loss of motor skills
  • etc
53
Q

Cerebral Atrophy Tests?

A
  • Physical exam to determine neurologic deficits
  • Compare to MRI baseline
54
Q

Cerebral Atrophy Treatment?

A
  • Physical and occupational therapy
  • Medication to address impaired neurologic signal transmission
55
Q

Burn Injuries

A

a

56
Q

AIDS patho?

A
  • HIV attacks CD4 cells
  • When CD4 count lower than 200, AIDS
57
Q

AIDS risk factors?

A
  • gay man sex
  • drug users
58
Q

AIDS findings?

A
  • 2-4 weeks = 1st acute infection
  • 3 months = seroconversion (antibodies to HIV)
  • Frequent infections
59
Q

AIDS test?

A
  • Test CD4 numbers
60
Q

AIDS treatment?

A
  • ART (anti-retroviral treatment)
  • Pre and post prophylactic treatment
61
Q

Anaphylaxis patho

A
  • Type 1 rxn, IgE
  • Mast cells and basophils degranulate
  • Chemical mediators cause vasodilation, vascular permeability increases
62
Q

Anaphylaxis risk factors

A
  • Taking multiple drugs
  • Common allergies
63
Q

Anaphylaxis expected findings?

A
  • Phase 1: mins to hrs; short acting chemical mediator, bronchospasm, hives, itching
  • Phase 2: 4 hrs; long act chemical mediator, sever hypotension, long bronchospasm, GI issues, edema
64
Q

Anaphylaxis test?

A
  • Allergy testing
65
Q

Anaphylaxis treatment?

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Remove allergen
  • Bronchodilators
66
Q

Lupus patho?

A
  • Type 3 hypersensitivity rxn
  • Immune complexes deposited into tissues, antibodies find and destroy complexes
67
Q

Lupus risk factors?

A
  • female
  • genetic
68
Q

Lupus findings?

A
  • Depends where complex deposited
  • Fever
  • Pain
  • Rashes -> Malar Rash (butterfly) on face
69
Q

Lupus testing?

A
  • ANA
  • ENA
  • Smit antigen
70
Q

Lupus treatment?

A
  • anti inflammatory drugs
  • steroids

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions