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Pathophysiology > Test 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Test 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is ascites?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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2
Q

Which diseases often causes ascites?

A

Cirrhois

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3
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Protein deprivation

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4
Q

Where does protein digestion begin and what breaks it down?

A

Stomach via pepsin

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5
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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6
Q

What are proteins composed of?

A

Linear chains of amino acids

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7
Q

Where does lipids digestion begin and what breaks it down?

A

Duodenum via bile

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8
Q

What does bile do to fats?

A

Emulsifies

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9
Q

Where does carb digestion begin and what breaks it down?

A

mouth via salivary amylase

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10
Q

What is marasmus?

A

Deprivation of all food

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11
Q

Where is phosphate stored?

A

Teeth and bones

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12
Q

What is the main function of phosphate?

A

Cellular metabolism

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13
Q

What is Hypophosphatemia?

A

Low phosphate

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14
Q

What is Hyperphosphatemia?

A

high phosphate

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15
Q

What are lipids stored as?

A

triglycerides

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16
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

Support, energy, hormones

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17
Q

What are the fat soluble vitmains?

A

A, D, E, K

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18
Q

Do saturated fats increase cholesterol?

A

yes

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19
Q

What macronutrient does the CNS love?

A

lipids

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20
Q

What are carbs broken down into?

A

monosacharides

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21
Q

What are carbs stored in the liver as?

A

glycogen

22
Q

Which are better carbs, simple or complex?

A

complex

23
Q

Are carbs essential?

A

no

24
Q

What type of carb is fiber?

A

polysacharide

25
Q

What does fiber do to cholesterol?

A

Binds to and reduces

26
Q

What are the monosacharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

27
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump per 1 ATP

A

3 sodium and 2 potassium pumped

28
Q

What is secreted by the small intestine?

A

Lactase, maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidases, dipeptidases

Above are: “Brush border enzymes”

29
Q

What does ketones in urine mean?

A

You are starving

30
Q

What is hyponatrermia?

A

Low sodium in blood

31
Q

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating

32
Q

What are symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

Hypotension, tachycardia, reduced urine output, altered neural function

33
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Deficit of body fluid volume

34
Q

What are some causes of hypovolemia?

A

excessive fluid loss, reduced fluid intake, 3rd spacing

35
Q

What are symptoms of hypovolemia?

A

thirst, weight loss, diminished skin turgor, decreased urine output

36
Q

What is a cause of hypophosphatemia?

A

Severe burns, malnutrition, malabsorption, Vit D deficiency

37
Q

What is a symptom of hypophosphatemia?

A

Muscle weakness, tremor, parasthesia

38
Q

What is a cause of hyperphosphatemia?

A

Bone fracture, bone disease, acromegaly

39
Q

What is a symptom of hyperphosphatemia?

A

None

40
Q

What is a primary prevention precaution?

A

Protect people from injury or disease

41
Q

What is a secondary prevention precaution?

A

screening and early detection

42
Q

What is a tertiary prevention precaution?

A

Rehab after diagnosis

43
Q

How much body weight is water?

A

60%

44
Q

How much body weight is intracellular?

A

40%

45
Q

How much body weight is extracellular?

A

20%

46
Q

Where is calcium found?

A

Bones and teeth

47
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

action potential and muscle contraction

48
Q

What is a cause of hypocalcemia?

A

Medications: Heparin and glucagon
Reg: Thyroid disorders, severe burns, kidney failure, Vit D deficiency, sepsis

49
Q

What is a symptom of hypocalcemia?

A

Anxiety, irritability, muscle twitching, cramps, spasms, seizure

50
Q

What is a cause of hypercalcemia?

A

Bone breakdown, overactive parathyroid, excessive Vit D and Ca supplements

51
Q

What is a symptom of hypercalcemia?

A

None to severe
Excessive thirst, freq urination, muscle weakness, diarrhea, confusion, cardiac arrhythmia, heart palpitations

52
Q

What are the causes of edema?

A
  1. Increased hydrostatic pressure
  2. Low oncotic pressure
  3. Increased capillary permeability
  4. Lymph gets overwhelmed

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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